---
title: Constitutionally, legislation refers to laws that have been passed b… — Lesotho · tree and pragmatics
description: Constitutionally, legislation refers to laws that have been passed by both houses of parliament and have been assented to by the king (Section 78(1)). Who acts: legislation, houses, king. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Lesotho» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Lesotho, sentence 132

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From Wikipedia, [«Lesotho»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Constitutionally, legislation refers to laws that have been passed by both houses of parliament and have been assented to by the king (Section 78(1)).

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**Who acts:** legislation, houses, king · **What happens:** refer, pass, assent · **To what, where:** laws

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lesotho». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (legislation, houses, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lesotho:132
# text = Constitutionally, legislation refers to laws that have been passed by both houses of parliament and have been assented to by the king (Section 78(1)).
1	Constitutionally	constitutionally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refers	refer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	assented	assent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	obl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Section	section	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
26	78	78	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	))	))	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present | legislation |  |  |  |  | to laws; constitutionally *property* | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to law=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **pass** | present · perfect · passive | both houses of parliament | laws |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Trajectory |
| 3 | **assent** | present · perfect · passive | the king |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lesotho», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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