---
title: In this regard, Lesotho is part of a minority of African countries t… — Lesotho · tree and pragmatics
description: In this regard, Lesotho is part of a minority of African countries that are nation states with a single dominant cultural ethnic group and language; the majority of African nations' borders were drawn by colonial powers and do not correspond to ethnic boundaries or pre-colonial polities. Who acts: L
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lesotho/244/)

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# Lesotho, sentence 244

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From Wikipedia, [«Lesotho»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In this regard, Lesotho is part of a minority of African countries that are nation states with a single dominant cultural ethnic group and language; the majority of African nations' borders were drawn by colonial powers and do not correspond to ethnic boundaries or pre-colonial polities.

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**Who acts:** Lesotho, that, colonial powers · **What happens:** be, draw, not correspond · **To what, where:** part, regard, nation states, majority

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lesotho». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lesotho, that, colonial powers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lesotho:244
# text = In this regard, Lesotho is part of a minority of African countries that are nation states with a single dominant cultural ethnic group and language; the majority of African nations' borders were drawn by colonial powers and do not correspond to ethnic boundaries or pre-colonial polities.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	regard	regard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Lesotho	Lesotho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	minority	minority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
20	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
21	dominant	dominant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
22	cultural	cultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	'	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
35	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux:pass	_	_
36	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
41	do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	aux	_	_
42	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	43	advmod	_	_
43	correspond	correspond	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	conj	_	_
44	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	boundaries	boundary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	_
47	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
48	pre-colonial	pre-colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	polities	polity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lesotho | part |  | this regard |  | of a minority of African countries | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that | nation states |  |  |  | with a single dominant cultural ethnic group and language | tree rules |
| 3 | **draw** | past · passive | colonial powers | the majority of African nations's borders |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **correspond** | infinitive · do-support | colonial powers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to ethnic boundaries or pre-colonial polities | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lesotho», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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