---
title: Liberia has begun exploration for offshore oil; unproven oil reserve… — Liberia · tree and pragmatics
description: Liberia has begun exploration for offshore oil; unproven oil reserves may be in excess of one billion barrels. Who acts: Liberia, unproven oil reserves. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Liberia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Liberia, sentence 405

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From Wikipedia, [«Liberia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Liberia has begun exploration for offshore oil; unproven oil reserves may be in excess of one billion barrels.

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**Who acts:** Liberia, unproven oil reserves · **What happens:** begin, be · **To what, where:** exploration, excess

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Liberia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Liberia, unproven oil reserves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Liberia:405
# text = Liberia has begun exploration for offshore oil; unproven oil reserves may be in excess of one billion barrels.
1	Liberia	Liberia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	begun	begin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	exploration	exploration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	offshore	offshore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
9	unproven	unproven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	compound	_	_
18	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	barrels	barrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present · perfect | Liberia | exploration |  |  |  | for offshore oil | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exploration=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | may | unproven oil reserves |  |  | excess |  | of billion barrels | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Liberia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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