---
title: The formal modern-retail segment is dominated by Lebanese- and Frenc… — Libreville · tree and pragmatics
description: The formal modern-retail segment is dominated by Lebanese- and French-owned hypermarkets and supermarkets (historically the Géant CKdo, Mbolo and Score chains), alongside smaller specialised outlets in the central business district around Boulevard de l'Indépendance. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Libre
---

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# Libreville, sentence 124

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From Wikipedia, [«Libreville»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libreville), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The formal modern-retail segment is dominated by Lebanese- and French-owned hypermarkets and supermarkets (historically the Géant CKdo, Mbolo and Score chains), alongside smaller specialised outlets in the central business district around Boulevard de l'Indépendance.

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**What happens:** dominate, own, specialis · **To what, where:** formal retail segment

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Libreville». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Libreville:124
# text = The formal modern-retail segment is dominated by Lebanese- and French-owned hypermarkets and supermarkets (historically the Géant CKdo, Mbolo and Score chains), alongside smaller specialised outlets in the central business district around Boulevard de l'Indépendance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	retail	retail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	segment	segment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	dominated	dominate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Lebanese	Lebanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	hypermarkets	hypermarket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	advcl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	supermarkets	supermarket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	historically	historically	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Géant	Géant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	CKdo	CKdo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Mbolo	Mbolo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Score	Score	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
28	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	alongside	alongside	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	34	amod	_	_
33	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	amod	_	_
34	outlets	outlet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
37	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
38	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
40	around	around	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	Boulevard	Boulevard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
42	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	flat	_	_
43	l'Indépendance	l'indépendance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dominate** | present · passive |  | the formal retail segment |  |  |  | by Lebanese; owned hypermarkets and supermarkets *advcl*; smaller specialised outlets in the central business district around Boulevard l'Indépendance *conj* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **own** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Libreville», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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