---
title: On 10 September 2023, catastrophic floods due to dam failures genera… — Libya · tree and pragmatics
description: On 10 September 2023, catastrophic floods due to dam failures generated by Storm Daniel devastated the port city of Derna, killing more than 5,900 and possibly as many as 24,000. Who acts: catastrophic floods. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Libya» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Libya, sentence 272

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From Wikipedia, [«Libya»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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On 10 September 2023, catastrophic floods due to dam failures generated by Storm Daniel devastated the port city of Derna, killing more than 5,900 and possibly as many as 24,000.

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**Who acts:** catastrophic floods · **What happens:** dam, generate, devastate, kill · **To what, where:** failures, port city, 10, 5,900

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Libya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (catastrophic floods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Libya:272
# text = On 10 September 2023, catastrophic floods due to dam failures generated by Storm Daniel devastated the port city of Derna, killing more than 5,900 and possibly as many as 24,000.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	obl	_	_
3	September	September	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	_
4	2023	2023	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	catastrophic	catastrophic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
8	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	dam	dam	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	failures	failure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	generated	generate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Storm	Storm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Daniel	Daniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl:agent	_	_
16	devastated	devastate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Derna	Derna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
24	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	26	advmod	_	_
25	than	than	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	5,900	5,900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	possibly	possibly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
29	as	as	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	appos	_	_
31	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	24,000	24000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dam** | to-infinitive | catastrophic floods *not said here* | failures |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme failure=Destination |
| 2 | **generate** | participle |  | failures *not said here* |  |  |  | Storm Daniel *obl:agent* | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **devastate** | past | catastrophic floods | the port city of Derna |  | 10  2023  September |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus city=Experiencer |
| 4 | **kill** | gerund | catastrophic floods *not said here* | 5,900 |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5,900=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Libya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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