---
title: Although before 2011 a small number of private institutions were giv… — Libya · tree and pragmatics
description: Although before 2011 a small number of private institutions were given accreditation, the majority of Libya's higher education has always been financed by the public budget. Who acts: public budget, Libya. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Libya» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Libya, sentence 485

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From Wikipedia, [«Libya»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Although before 2011 a small number of private institutions were given accreditation, the majority of Libya's higher education has always been financed by the public budget.

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**Who acts:** public budget, Libya · **What happens:** give, finance, educate · **To what, where:** small number, majority

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Libya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (public budget, Libya), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Libya:485
# text = Although before 2011 a small number of private institutions were given accreditation, the majority of Libya's higher education has always been financed by the public budget.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
2	before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	2011	2011	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	institutions	institution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	advcl	_	_
12	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	Libya	Libya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
21	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
22	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	24	advmod	_	_
23	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	financed	finance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | a small number of private institutions |  |  | before 2011 | accreditation *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient accreditation=Theme |
| 2 | **finance** | present · perfect · passive | the public budget | the majority of Libya's higher education |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **educate** |  | Libya |  |  |  |  |  | nom education «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Libya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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