---
title: Radio Liechtenstein ceased operations in 2025 after a referendum pas… — Liechtenstein · tree and pragmatics
description: Radio Liechtenstein ceased operations in 2025 after a referendum passed requiring the government to privatize it, but no agreement could be reached before the deadline. Who acts: Radio, referendum. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Liechtenstein» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Liechtenstein, sentence 324

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From Wikipedia, [«Liechtenstein»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Radio Liechtenstein ceased operations in 2025 after a referendum passed requiring the government to privatize it, but no agreement could be reached before the deadline.

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**Who acts:** Radio, referendum · **What happens:** cease, pass, require, privatize, reach · **To what, where:** operations, 2025, government, agreement

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Liechtenstein». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Radio, referendum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Liechtenstein:324
# text = Radio Liechtenstein ceased operations in 2025 after a referendum passed requiring the government to privatize it, but no agreement could be reached before the deadline.
1	Radio	Radio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	ceased	cease	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	2025	2025	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	referendum	referendum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	requiring	require	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	privatize	privatize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	20	det	_	_
20	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
24	before	before	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	deadline	deadline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | past | Radio | operations |  | 2025 |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector operation=Eventuality |
| 2 | **pass** | past | a referendum |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **require** | gerund | a referendum *not said here* | the government |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme government=Precondition |
| 4 | **privatize** | to-infinitive | a referendum *not said here* | government |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 5 | **reach** | could · passive |  | no agreement |  |  | before the deadline |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Liechtenstein», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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