---
title: This was remarkably fast growth and has caused the development of sl… — Lilongwe · tree and pragmatics
description: This was remarkably fast growth and has caused the development of slums around the city. Who acts: This, fast growth. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Lilongwe» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Lilongwe, sentence 57

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From Wikipedia, [«Lilongwe»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilongwe), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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This was remarkably fast growth and has caused the development of slums around the city.

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**Who acts:** This, fast growth · **What happens:** be, cause, develop · **To what, where:** fast growth, development, slums

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lilongwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, fast growth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lilongwe:57
# text = This was remarkably fast growth and has caused the development of slums around the city.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	remarkably	remarkably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	slums	slum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	around	around	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | This | fast growth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present · perfect | fast growth | the development of slums around the city |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition development=Patient |
| 3 | **develop** |  |  | slums around the city |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lilongwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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