---
title: Industrialization began in the 1930s and by 1950, through import sub… — Lima · tree and pragmatics
description: Industrialization began in the 1930s and by 1950, through import substitution policies, manufacturing made up 14% of GNP. Who acts: Industrialization. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Lima» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Lima, sentence 279

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From Wikipedia, [«Lima»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Industrialization began in the 1930s and by 1950, through import substitution policies, manufacturing made up 14% of GNP.

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**Who acts:** Industrialization · **What happens:** begin, make up · **To what, where:** 1930s

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lima». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Industrialization), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lima:279
# text = Industrialization began in the 1930s and by 1950, through import substitution policies, manufacturing made up 14% of GNP.
1	Industrialization	industrialization	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	1930s	1930	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1950	1950	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	import	import	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	substitution	substitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	policies	policy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	manufacturing	manufacture	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	GNP	GNP	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Industrialization |  |  | the 1930s |  | through substitution policies | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **make up** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: %=Pivot |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lima», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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