---
title: Outside the shield are the initials I and K (Ioana and Karolus), whi… — Lima · tree and pragmatics
description: Outside the shield are the initials I and K (Ioana and Karolus), which are the names of Queen Joanna and her son Charles V. A star is placed above the letters and two crowned sabre-faced eagles embracing them, which hold the coat of arms. Who acts: K, names, two crowned faced eagles. A sentence of W
---

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# Lima, sentence 35

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From Wikipedia, [«Lima»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Outside the shield are the initials I and K (Ioana and Karolus), which are the names of Queen Joanna and her son Charles V. A star is placed above the letters and two crowned sabre-faced eagles embracing them, which hold the coat of arms.

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**Who acts:** K, names, two crowned faced eagles · **What happens:** be, place, crown, embrace, hold · **To what, where:** initials, names, star, letters, coat

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lima». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (K, names, two crowned faced eagles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lima:35
# text = Outside the shield are the initials I and K (Ioana and Karolus), which are the names of Queen Joanna and her son Charles V. A star is placed above the letters and two crowned sabre-faced eagles embracing them, which hold the coat of arms.
1	Outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	initials	initial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	K	K	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Ioana	Ioana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Karolus	Karolus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod:desc	_	_
22	Joanna	Joanna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
27	V.	V.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	_
28	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
32	above	above	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
36	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	41	nummod	_	_
37	crowned	crown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	41	amod	_	_
38	sabre	sabre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	faced	faced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	eagles	eagle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	_
42	embracing	embrace	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	41	acl	_	_
43	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
45	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	46	nsubj	_	_
46	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the initials |  |  |  | outside the shield; K  I *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | K  I | the names |  |  |  | of Joanna  Queen and Joanna's son | tree rules |
| 3 | **place** | present · passive | the names *not said here* | a star |  | the letters and two crowned faced eagles |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme above letter=Destination |
| 4 | **crown** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **embrace** | gerund | two crowned faced eagles *not said here* | letters *= letter* |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **hold** | present | two crowned faced eagles | the coat of arms |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lima», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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