---
title: There has been a steady movement of population to the cities since t… — Lithuania · tree and pragmatics
description: There has been a steady movement of population to the cities since the 1990s, encouraged by the planning of regional centres, such as Alytus, Marijampolė, Utena, Plungė, and Mažeikiai. Who acts: steady movement. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Lithuania» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Lithuania, sentence 478

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From Wikipedia, [«Lithuania»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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There has been a steady movement of population to the cities since the 1990s, encouraged by the planning of regional centres, such as Alytus, Marijampolė, Utena, Plungė, and Mažeikiai.

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**Who acts:** steady movement · **What happens:** be, encourage, move, plan · **To what, where:** 1990s, population, regional centres

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lithuania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steady movement), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lithuania:478
# text = There has been a steady movement of population to the cities since the 1990s, encouraged by the planning of regional centres, such as Alytus, Marijampolė, Utena, Plungė, and Mažeikiai.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	since	since	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	1990s	1990s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	planning	planning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	regional	regional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	centres	centre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	26	case	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	Alytus	Alytus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Marijampolė	Marijampolė	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Utena	Utena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	Plungė	Plungė	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	Mažeikiai	Mažeikiai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present · perfect | a steady movement of population to the cities since the 1990s |  |  | there |  | Mažeikiai *parataxis* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **encourage** | participle |  | the 1990s *not said here* |  |  |  | by the planning of regional centres such Alytus and Marijampolė and Utena and Plungė | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **move** |  |  | population to the cities since the 1990s |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **plan** |  |  | regional centres such Alytus and Marijampolė and Utena and Plungė |  |  |  |  | nom planning «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lithuania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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