---
title: Since 1985, the commemorative trail has ringed the city where this i… — Ljubljana · tree and pragmatics
description: Since 1985, the commemorative trail has ringed the city where this iron fence once stood. Who acts: iron fence. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ljubljana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ljubljana, sentence 101

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From Wikipedia, [«Ljubljana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since 1985, the commemorative trail has ringed the city where this iron fence once stood.

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**Who acts:** iron fence · **What happens:** ring, stand · **To what, where:** commemorative trail

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ljubljana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (iron fence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ljubljana:101
# text = Since 1985, the commemorative trail has ringed the city where this iron fence once stood.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1985	1985	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	commemorative	commemorative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	ringed	ring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
13	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	16	advmod	_	_
16	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | present · perfect · passive |  | the commemorative trail |  |  | since 1985 | the city *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | past | this iron fence |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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