---
title: The historical Ljubljana tram system was completed in 1901 and was r… — Ljubljana · tree and pragmatics
description: The historical Ljubljana tram system was completed in 1901 and was replaced by buses in 1928, which were in turn abolished and replaced by trams in 1931 with its final length of 18.5 km in 1940. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ljubljana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ljubljana, sentence 480

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From Wikipedia, [«Ljubljana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The historical Ljubljana tram system was completed in 1901 and was replaced by buses in 1928, which were in turn abolished and replaced by trams in 1931 with its final length of 18.5 km in 1940.

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**What happens:** complete, replace, be, abolish · **To what, where:** historical Ljubljana tram system, 1901, 1928, turn, 1931

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ljubljana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ljubljana:480
# text = The historical Ljubljana tram system was completed in 1901 and was replaced by buses in 1928, which were in turn abolished and replaced by trams in 1931 with its final length of 18.5 km in 1940.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	historical	historical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	Ljubljana	Ljubljana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	tram	tram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	completed	complete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1901	1901	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	1928	1928	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
22	abolished	abolish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	trams	tram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	1931	1931	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	obl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	18.5	18.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
35	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	1940	1940	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complete** | past · passive |  | the historical Ljubljana tram system |  | 1901 |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **replace** | past · passive |  |  |  | 1928 |  | by buses | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme» |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  | turn |  | which *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **abolish** | participle |  | turn *not said here* |  | 1931 |  | with system's final length of 18.5 km in 1940 | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **replace** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by trams | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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