---
title: Ljubljana has a rich history of discoveries in medicine and innovati… — Ljubljana · tree and pragmatics
description: Ljubljana has a rich history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology. Who acts: Ljubljana. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ljubljana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ljubljana, sentence 499

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From Wikipedia, [«Ljubljana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Ljubljana has a rich history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology.

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**Who acts:** Ljubljana · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** rich history

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ljubljana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ljubljana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ljubljana:499
# text = Ljubljana has a rich history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology.
1	Ljubljana	Ljubljana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	discoveries	discovery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	innovations	innovation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	technology	technology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Ljubljana | a rich history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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