---
title: In 1278, after Ottokar's defeat, it became—together with the rest of… — Ljubljana · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1278, after Ottokar's defeat, it became—together with the rest of Carniola—property of Rudolph of Habsburg. Who acts: defeat, Ottokar. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ljubljana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ljubljana, sentence 63

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From Wikipedia, [«Ljubljana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1278, after Ottokar's defeat, it became—together with the rest of Carniola—property of Rudolph of Habsburg.

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**Who acts:** defeat, Ottokar · **What happens:** become, defeat · **To what, where:** rest, 1278

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ljubljana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (defeat, Ottokar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ljubljana:63
# text = In 1278, after Ottokar's defeat, it became—together with the rest of Carniola—property of Rudolph of Habsburg.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1278	1278	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	Ottokar	Ottokar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Carniola	Carniola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Rudolph	Rudolph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Habsburg	Habsburg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | defeat | the rest of Carniola |  |  | after Ottokar's defeat | in 1278 *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1278=Result |
| 2 | **defeat** |  | Ottokar |  |  |  |  |  | nom defeat «event transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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