--- title: In 1618, the Portuguese built the fortress called Fortaleza São Pedr… — Luanda · tree and pragmatics description: In 1618, the Portuguese built the fortress called Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra, and they subsequently built two more: Fortaleza de São Miguel (1634) and Forte de São Francisco do Penedo (1765–66). Who acts: Portuguese, sources, Fortaleza São. 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In 1618, the Portuguese built the fortress called Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra, and they subsequently built two more: Fortaleza de São Miguel (1634) and Forte de São Francisco do Penedo (1765–66). **Who acts:** Portuguese, sources, Fortaleza São · **What happens:** build, call, do · **To what, where:** fortress, 1618, two more, Penedo · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Luanda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese, sources, Fortaleza São), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Luanda:24 # text = In 1618, the Portuguese built the fortress called Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra, and they subsequently built two more: Fortaleza de São Miguel (1634) and Forte de São Francisco do Penedo (1765–66). 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1618 1618 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Portuguese Portuguese PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 fortress fortress NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 10 Fortaleza Fortaleza PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 xcomp _ _ 11 São São PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 flat _ _ 12 Pedro Pedro PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 13 da Da PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 Barra Barra PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 list _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 subsequently subsequently ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 20 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 22 : : PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 23 Fortaleza Fortaleza PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 24 de de PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 flat _ _ 25 São São PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 26 Miguel Miguel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 flat _ _ 27 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 1634 1634 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 29 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 28 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 Forte Forte PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 32 de de PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 flat _ _ 33 São São PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 flat _ _ 34 Francisco Francisco PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 flat _ _ 35 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 36 Penedo Penedo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 37 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 38 1765 1765 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 36 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 39 – – SYM SYM ExtPos=ADP 40 case _ SpaceAfter=No 40 66 66 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 38 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | past | the Portuguese | the fortress | | 1618 | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fortress=Product | | 2 | **call** | participle | | the fortress *not said here* | | | | Fortaleza Pedro da Barra *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **build** | past | sources *= source* | two more | | | | subsequently *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset more=Product | | 4 | **do** | present | Fortaleza São and Forte | Penedo | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penedo=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Luanda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luanda/23/) - next →: [sentence 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luanda/25/) - ↑ back to [Luanda](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luanda/)