---
title: There was some resistance from the white population of Livingstone,… — Lusaka · tree and pragmatics
description: There was some resistance from the white population of Livingstone, which feared that the capital would lead to a loss of business. Who acts: resistance, Livingstone, capital. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Lusaka» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Lusaka, sentence 61

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From Wikipedia, [«Lusaka»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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There was some resistance from the white population of Livingstone, which feared that the capital would lead to a loss of business.

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**Who acts:** resistance, Livingstone, capital · **What happens:** be, fear, lead · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lusaka». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (resistance, Livingstone, capital), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lusaka:61
# text = There was some resistance from the white population of Livingstone, which feared that the capital would lead to a loss of business.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Livingstone	Livingstone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | some resistance from the white population of Livingstone |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fear** | past | Livingstone |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **lead** | would | the capital |  |  |  |  | to a loss of business | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to loss=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lusaka», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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