---
title: In the 17th century, the first casemates were built; initially, Spai… — Luxembourg City · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 17th century, the first casemates were built; initially, Spain built 23 km of tunnels, starting in 1644. Who acts: Spain. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Luxembourg City» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Luxembourg City, sentence 29

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From Wikipedia, [«Luxembourg City»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_City), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the 17th century, the first casemates were built; initially, Spain built 23 km of tunnels, starting in 1644.

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**Who acts:** Spain · **What happens:** build, start · **To what, where:** first casemates, 23 km, 1644

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Luxembourg City». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Luxembourg_City:29
# text = In the 17th century, the first casemates were built; initially, Spain built 23 km of tunnels, starting in 1644.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	17th	17th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	casemates	casemate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	initially	initially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	23	23	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	1644	1644	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | the first casemates |  |  | century |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **build** | past | Spain | 23 km of tunnels |  |  |  | initially *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent km=Product |
| 3 | **start** | gerund | Spain *not said here* |  |  | 1644 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Luxembourg City», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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