--- title: Thus, Luxembourg, which had hitherto been independent in theory only… — Luxembourg City · tree and pragmatics description: Thus, Luxembourg, which had hitherto been independent in theory only, became a truly independent country, and Luxembourg City regained some of the importance that it had lost in 1867 by becoming the capital of a fully independent state. Who acts: Luxembourg. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Luxembourg Cit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg_City/39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Luxembourg City](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg_City/) / 39 # Luxembourg City, sentence 39 From Wikipedia, [«Luxembourg City»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_City), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. Thus, Luxembourg, which had hitherto been independent in theory only, became a truly independent country, and Luxembourg City regained some of the importance that it had lost in 1867 by becoming the capital of a fully independent state. **Who acts:** Luxembourg · **What happens:** be, become, regain, lose · **To what, where:** theory, independent country, some, Duchy, 1867, capital This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Luxembourg City». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Luxembourg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Luxembourg_City:39 # text = Thus, Luxembourg, which had hitherto been independent in theory only, became a truly independent country, and Luxembourg City regained some of the importance that it had lost in 1867 by becoming the capital of a fully independent state. 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 Luxembourg Luxembourg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 6 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 7 hitherto hitherto ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 8 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 cop _ _ 9 independent independent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 theory theory NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 only only ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 14 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 truly truly ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 independent independent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 Luxembourg Luxembourg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 22 City City PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 flat _ _ 23 regained regain VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 24 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 23 obj _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 importance importance NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 advcl _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 1867 1867 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 obl _ _ 34 by by SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 35 becoming become VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 advcl _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 capital capital NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 xcomp _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 40 fully fully ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 independent independent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past · perfect | Luxembourg | | | theory | | hitherto, independent *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **become** | past | Luxembourg | a independent country | | | | thus *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **regain** | past | Luxembourg | some of the importance | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme | | 4 | **lose** | past · perfect · passive | | Duchy | | 1867 | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | | 5 | **become** | gerund | | the capital of a independent state | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Luxembourg City», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg_City/38/) - next →: [sentence 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg_City/40/) - ↑ back to [Luxembourg City](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg_City/)