---
title: In addition to traditional agricultural practice, wildlife conservat… — Madagascar · tree and pragmatics
description: In addition to traditional agricultural practice, wildlife conservation is challenged by the illicit harvesting of protected forests, as well as the state-sanctioned harvesting of precious woods within national parks. Who acts: illicit harvesting. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Madagascar» with its depe
---

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# Madagascar, sentence 275

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From Wikipedia, [«Madagascar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In addition to traditional agricultural practice, wildlife conservation is challenged by the illicit harvesting of protected forests, as well as the state-sanctioned harvesting of precious woods within national parks.

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**Who acts:** illicit harvesting · **What happens:** challenge, protect, sanction, harvest · **To what, where:** wildlife conservation, addition, protected forests, precious woods

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (illicit harvesting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Madagascar:275
# text = In addition to traditional agricultural practice, wildlife conservation is challenged by the illicit harvesting of protected forests, as well as the state-sanctioned harvesting of precious woods within national parks.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	conservation	conservation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	challenged	challenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	illicit	illicit	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	harvesting	harvesting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	27	cc	_	_
21	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	fixed	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	sanctioned	sanction	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	amod	_	_
27	harvesting	harvesting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	within	within	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	parks	park	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **challenge** | present · passive | the illicit harvesting of protected forests as the sanctioned harvesting of precious woods | wildlife conservation |  | addition to traditional agricultural practice |  | within national parks | tree rules |
| 2 | **protect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sanction** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | state *compound* | vn allow-64.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 4 | **harvest** |  |  | protected forests |  |  |  |  | nom harvesting «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **harvest** |  |  | precious woods |  |  |  |  | nom harvesting «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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