---
title: Small and local farmers have also been assisted in increasing both t… — Madagascar · tree and pragmatics
description: Small and local farmers have also been assisted in increasing both the quantity and quality of their production, as well as improvement of their crop yield in unfavorable weather conditions. Who acts: farmer, crop yield. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Madagascar» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Madagascar, sentence 344

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From Wikipedia, [«Madagascar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Small and local farmers have also been assisted in increasing both the quantity and quality of their production, as well as improvement of their crop yield in unfavorable weather conditions.

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**Who acts:** farmer, crop yield · **What happens:** assist, increase, produce, improve, yield · **To what, where:** Small farmers, quantity, unfavorable weather conditions

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer, crop yield), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Madagascar:344
# text = Small and local farmers have also been assisted in increasing both the quantity and quality of their production, as well as improvement of their crop yield in unfavorable weather conditions.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	assisted	assist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	increasing	increase	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc:preconj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	23	cc	_	_
21	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	fixed	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
23	improvement	improvement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	crop	crop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	yield	yield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	unfavorable	unfavorable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assist** | present · perfect · passive |  | Small farmers |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **increase** | gerund |  | the quantity and quality of farmer's production |  |  |  | improvement of farmer's crop yield in unfavorable weather conditions *obl* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer quantity=Patient |
| 3 | **produce** |  | farmer |  |  |  |  |  | nom production «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **improve** |  | farmer's crop yield in unfavorable weather conditions |  |  |  |  |  | nom improvement «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 5 | **yield** |  | farmer |  |  | unfavorable weather conditions |  |  | nom yield «act transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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