---
title: Madagascar's media have historically come under varying degrees of p… — Madagascar · tree and pragmatics
description: Madagascar's media have historically come under varying degrees of pressure to censor their criticism of the government, with reporters occasionally threatened or harassed and media outlets periodically forced to close. Who acts: media, media outlets. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Madagascar» with its 
---

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# Madagascar, sentence 406

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From Wikipedia, [«Madagascar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Madagascar's media have historically come under varying degrees of pressure to censor their criticism of the government, with reporters occasionally threatened or harassed and media outlets periodically forced to close.

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**Who acts:** media, media outlets · **What happens:** come, vary, censor, threaten, harass, force · **To what, where:** degrees, criticism, reporters, media outlets

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (media, media outlets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Madagascar:406
# text = Madagascar's media have historically come under varying degrees of pressure to censor their criticism of the government, with reporters occasionally threatened or harassed and media outlets periodically forced to close.
1	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	media	media	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	historically	historically	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	varying	vary	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	censor	censor	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	reporters	reporter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
22	occasionally	occasionally	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	threatened	threaten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	harassed	harass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	media	media	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	outlets	outlet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	periodically	periodically	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	close	close	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present · perfect | Madagascar's media |  |  |  |  | with reporters; historically *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **vary** | gerund | Madagascar's media *not said here* | degrees of pressure |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer degree=Patient |
| 3 | **censor** | to-infinitive | Madagascar's media *not said here* | media's criticism of the government |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **threaten** | participle |  | reporters *not said here* |  |  |  | occasionally *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **harass** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **force** | participle · passive |  | media outlets |  |  |  | periodically *property* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 7 | **close** | to-infinitive | media outlets *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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