---
title: Teen pregnancy rates of 14.8% in 2011, much higher than the African… — Madagascar · tree and pragmatics
description: Teen pregnancy rates of 14.8% in 2011, much higher than the African average, were a contributing factor to rapid population growth. Who acts: Teen pregnancy rates. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Madagascar» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Madagascar, sentence 470

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From Wikipedia, [«Madagascar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Teen pregnancy rates of 14.8% in 2011, much higher than the African average, were a contributing factor to rapid population growth.

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**Who acts:** Teen pregnancy rates · **What happens:** contribute, be · **To what, where:** contributing factor

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teen pregnancy rates), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Madagascar:470
# text = Teen pregnancy rates of 14.8% in 2011, much higher than the African average, were a contributing factor to rapid population growth.
1	Teen	teen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	pregnancy	pregnancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rates	rate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	14.8	14.8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	2011	2011	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	much	much	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	conj	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	contributing	contribute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	factor	factor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contribute** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Teen pregnancy rates | a contributing factor |  |  |  | to rapid population growth | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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