---
title: According to the United Nations, more than one million people in sou… — Madagascar · tree and pragmatics
description: According to the United Nations, more than one million people in southern Madagascar in 2021 were struggling to get enough to eat, due to what could become the country's first famine caused by climate change. Who acts: million people. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Madagascar» with its dependency tree a
---

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# Madagascar, sentence 478

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From Wikipedia, [«Madagascar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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According to the United Nations, more than one million people in southern Madagascar in 2021 were struggling to get enough to eat, due to what could become the country's first famine caused by climate change.

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**Who acts:** million people · **What happens:** accord, struggle, get, eat, become, cause · **To what, where:** enough, first famine

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (million people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Madagascar:478
# text = According to the United Nations, more than one million people in southern Madagascar in 2021 were struggling to get enough to eat, due to what could become the country's first famine caused by climate change.
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	5	compound	_	_
5	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	10	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	_
10	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	2021	2021	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	struggling	struggle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	29	mark	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	fixed	_	_
27	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	29	nsubj	_	_
28	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	's	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
33	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	34	amod	_	_
34	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	xcomp	_	_
35	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **struggle** | past · progressive | million people in southern Madagascar in 2021 |  |  |  |  | accord the United Nations | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive | million people in southern Madagascar in 2021 *not said here* | enough |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer enough=Stimulus |
| 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive | million people in southern Madagascar in 2021 *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **become** | could |  | the country's first famine |  |  |  | what *nsubj* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **cause** | participle |  | the country's first famine *not said here* |  |  |  | by climate change | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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