---
title: According to the General History of Africa, these first settlers, th… — Madagascar · tree and pragmatics
description: According to the General History of Africa, these first settlers, the tompontany (masters of the soil/land), are thought to have been the Kimosy in south-central Madagascar, the Antevinany in the southeast, the Antankoala and Kajemby in the northwest, and the Rasikajy in the northeast. A sentence of
---

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# Madagascar, sentence 52

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From Wikipedia, [«Madagascar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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According to the General History of Africa, these first settlers, the tompontany (masters of the soil/land), are thought to have been the Kimosy in south-central Madagascar, the Antevinany in the southeast, the Antankoala and Kajemby in the northwest, and the Rasikajy in the northeast.

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**What happens:** accord, think, be · **To what, where:** Kimosy, central Madagascar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Madagascar:52
# text = According to the General History of Africa, these first settlers, the tompontany (masters of the soil/land), are thought to have been the Kimosy in south-central Madagascar, the Antevinany in the southeast, the Antankoala and Kajemby in the northwest, and the Rasikajy in the northeast.
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	General	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	History	History	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	tompontany	tompontany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	masters	master	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	soil/land	soil/land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux	_	_
26	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	cop	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Kimosy	Kimosy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	ccomp	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
30	south	south	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	Antevinany	Antevinany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	southeast	southeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	Antankoala	Antankoala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	Kajemby	Kajemby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	_
45	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	northwest	northwest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	Rasikajy	Rasikajy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	ccomp	_	_
52	in	in	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	northeast	northeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | accord the General History of Africa and this first settlers and the tompontany; the Rasikajy in the northeast *ccomp* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | the Kimosy and the Antevinany in the southeast and the Antankoala in the northwest and Kajemby |  | central Madagascar |  | the Antevinany in the southeast *conj*; the Antankoala in the northwest and Kajemby *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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