---
title: An Arab geographer wrote in 1224 that the island consisted of a grea… — Madagascar · tree and pragmatics
description: An Arab geographer wrote in 1224 that the island consisted of a great many towns and kingdoms, with kings making war on each other. Who acts: Arab geographer, island, kings. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Madagascar» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Madagascar, sentence 64

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From Wikipedia, [«Madagascar»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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An Arab geographer wrote in 1224 that the island consisted of a great many towns and kingdoms, with kings making war on each other.

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**Who acts:** Arab geographer, island, kings · **What happens:** write, consist, make · **To what, where:** 1224, war, each

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arab geographer, island, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Madagascar:64
# text = An Arab geographer wrote in 1224 that the island consisted of a great many towns and kingdoms, with kings making war on each other.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	geographer	geographer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1224	1224	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	consisted	consist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	parataxis	_	_
21	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	21	obl	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | a Arab geographer |  |  | 1224 |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **consist** | participle | the island |  |  |  |  | of a great many towns and kingdoms; kings *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | kings *not said here* | war |  | each |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset war=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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