---
title: Beginning in 2006, the country began mixing unleaded petrol with 10%… — Malawi · tree and pragmatics
description: Beginning in 2006, the country began mixing unleaded petrol with 10% ethanol, produced in-country at two plants, to reduce dependence on imported fuel. Who acts: country. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Malawi» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Malawi, sentence 168

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From Wikipedia, [«Malawi»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Beginning in 2006, the country began mixing unleaded petrol with 10% ethanol, produced in-country at two plants, to reduce dependence on imported fuel.

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**Who acts:** country · **What happens:** begin, mix, produce, reduce, import · **To what, where:** 2006, unleaded petrol, % ethanol, country, dependence, imported fuel

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malawi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Malawi:168
# text = Beginning in 2006, the country began mixing unleaded petrol with 10% ethanol, produced in-country at two plants, to reduce dependence on imported fuel.
1	Beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	2006	2006	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	mixing	mix	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	unleaded	unleaded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	ethanol	ethanol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
26	dependence	dependence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	imported	import	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	amod	_	_
29	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | gerund | the country *not said here* |  |  | 2006 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the country |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **mix** | gerund | the country *not said here* | unleaded petrol |  |  |  | with % ethanol | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent petrol=Patient with ethanol=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **produce** | participle |  | % ethanol *not said here* |  | country |  | at two plants | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **reduce** | to-infinitive | the country *not said here* | dependence |  | imported fuel |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer dependence=Patient |
| 6 | **import** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Malawi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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