---
title: Due to a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices, Malawi is enco… — Malawi · tree and pragmatics
description: Due to a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices, Malawi is encouraging farmers away from tobacco towards more profitable crops, including spices such as paprika. Who acts: Malawi. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Malawi» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Malawi, sentence 182

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From Wikipedia, [«Malawi»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Due to a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices, Malawi is encouraging farmers away from tobacco towards more profitable crops, including spices such as paprika.

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**Who acts:** Malawi · **What happens:** encourage · **To what, where:** farmers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malawi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Malawi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Malawi:182
# text = Due to a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices, Malawi is encouraging farmers away from tobacco towards more profitable crops, including spices such as paprika.
1	Due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	costs	cost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	compound	_	_
12	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	Malawi	Malawi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	encouraging	encourage	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
17	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	away	away	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	tobacco	tobacco	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	23	advmod	_	_
23	profitable	profitable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	including	including	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
28	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	30	case	_	_
29	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	fixed	_	_
30	paprika	paprika	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | present · progressive | Malawi | farmers |  |  |  | due a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices; towards profitable crops and spices such paprika; away *property* | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farmer=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Malawi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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