---
title: Re-elected in 1999, Muluzi remained president until Bingu wa Muthari… — Malawi · tree and pragmatics
description: Re-elected in 1999, Muluzi remained president until Bingu wa Mutharika was elected in the 2004 Malawian general election. Who acts: Muluzi. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Malawi» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Malawi, sentence 57

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From Wikipedia, [«Malawi»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Re-elected in 1999, Muluzi remained president until Bingu wa Mutharika was elected in the 2004 Malawian general election.

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**Who acts:** Muluzi · **What happens:** re-elect, remain, elect · **To what, where:** 1999, president, Bingu, 2004 Malawian general election

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malawi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muluzi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Malawi:57
# text = Re-elected in 1999, Muluzi remained president until Bingu wa Mutharika was elected in the 2004 Malawian general election.
1	Re-elected	re-elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	1999	1999	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	Muluzi	Muluzi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	Bingu	Bingu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	wa	WA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:unmarked	_	_
11	Mutharika	Mutharika	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	2004	2004	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	compound	_	_
17	Malawian	Malawian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
18	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **re-elect** | participle | Muluzi *not said here* |  |  | 1999 |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **remain** | past | Muluzi | president |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme president=Attribute |
| 3 | **elect** | past · passive |  | Bingu  wa |  | the 2004 Malawian general election |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Malawi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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