---
title: Singapore's land reclamation has caused tensions, and minor maritime… — Malaysia · tree and pragmatics
description: Singapore's land reclamation has caused tensions, and minor maritime and land border disputes exist with Indonesia. Who acts: land reclamation, maritime disputes, Singapore. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Malaysia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Malaysia, sentence 196

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From Wikipedia, [«Malaysia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Singapore's land reclamation has caused tensions, and minor maritime and land border disputes exist with Indonesia.

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**Who acts:** land reclamation, maritime disputes, Singapore · **What happens:** cause, exist, reclaim · **To what, where:** tensions

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malaysia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land reclamation, maritime disputes, Singapore), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Malaysia:196
# text = Singapore's land reclamation has caused tensions, and minor maritime and land border disputes exist with Indonesia.
1	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	reclamation	reclamation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	tensions	tension	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	maritime	maritime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · perfect | Singapore's land reclamation | tensions |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition tension=Patient |
| 2 | **exist** | present | maritime disputes |  |  |  |  | with Indonesia | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **reclaim** |  | Singapore |  |  |  |  |  | nom reclamation «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Malaysia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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