---
title: Under British rule the immigration of Chinese and Indians to serve a… — Malaysia · tree and pragmatics
description: Under British rule the immigration of Chinese and Indians to serve as labourers was encouraged. Who acts: Chinese Indians. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Malaysia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Malaysia, sentence 67

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From Wikipedia, [«Malaysia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Under British rule the immigration of Chinese and Indians to serve as labourers was encouraged.

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**Who acts:** Chinese Indians · **What happens:** serve, encourage, immigrate · **To what, where:** immigration, British rule

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malaysia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Malaysia:67
# text = Under British rule the immigration of Chinese and Indians to serve as labourers was encouraged.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	labourers	labourer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | to-infinitive |  | the immigration of Chinese Indians *not said here* |  |  |  | as labourers | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as labourer=Attribute |
| 2 | **encourage** | past · passive |  | the immigration of Chinese Indians |  | British rule |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **immigrate** |  | Chinese Indians |  |  |  |  |  | nom immigration «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Malaysia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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