---
title: Comparative studies of Maldivian oral, linguistic, and cultural trad… — Maldives · tree and pragmatics
description: Comparative studies of Maldivian oral, linguistic, and cultural traditions confirm that the first settlers were people from the southern shores of the neighbouring Indian subcontinent, including the Giraavaru people, mentioned in ancient legends and local folklore about the establishment of the capi
---

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# Maldives, sentence 61

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From Wikipedia, [«Maldives»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Comparative studies of Maldivian oral, linguistic, and cultural traditions confirm that the first settlers were people from the southern shores of the neighbouring Indian subcontinent, including the Giraavaru people, mentioned in ancient legends and local folklore about the establishment of the capital and kingly rule in Malé.

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**Who acts:** Comparative studies, first settlers · **What happens:** confirm, be, neighbour, mention, study, establish · **To what, where:** people, southern shores, Giraavaru people, ancient legends, Maldivian oral, capital

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Maldives». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Comparative studies, first settlers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Maldives:61
# text = Comparative studies of Maldivian oral, linguistic, and cultural traditions confirm that the first settlers were people from the southern shores of the neighbouring Indian subcontinent, including the Giraavaru people, mentioned in ancient legends and local folklore about the establishment of the capital and kingly rule in Malé.
1	Comparative	comparative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Maldivian	maldivian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	oral	oral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	linguistic	linguistic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	cultural	cultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	traditions	tradition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	confirm	confirm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	16	amod	_	_
16	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	ccomp	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	shores	shore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	neighbouring	neighbour	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	amod	_	_
26	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	subcontinent	subcontinent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	including	including	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Giraavaru	Giraavaru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	mentioned	mention	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	legends	legend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	folklore	folklore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	_
41	about	about	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	establishment	establishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
48	kingly	kingly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
50	in	in	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	Malé	Malé	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confirm** | present | Comparative studies of Maldivian oral and linguistic |  |  |  |  | cultural traditions *nsubj* | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the first settlers | people |  | the southern shores of the neighbouring Indian subcontinent including the Giraavaru people |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **neighbour** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **mention** *speech: other* | participle |  | the Giraavaru people *not said here* |  | ancient legends and local folklore about the establishment of the capital and kingly rule in Malé |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **study** |  |  | Maldivian oral and linguistic |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **establish** |  |  | the capital |  |  |  |  | nom establishment «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Maldives», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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