---
title: In 2024, officials approved a bill criminalising intimate relations… — Mali · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2024, officials approved a bill criminalising intimate relations between same-sex couples. Who acts: officials, bill. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Mali» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Mali, sentence 442

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From Wikipedia, [«Mali»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2024, officials approved a bill criminalising intimate relations between same-sex couples.

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**Who acts:** officials, bill · **What happens:** approve, criminalis · **To what, where:** bill, 2024, intimate relations

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Mali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (officials, bill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Mali:442
# text = In 2024, officials approved a bill criminalising intimate relations between same-sex couples.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2024	2024	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	officials	official	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	approved	approve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	criminalising	criminalis	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	intimate	intimate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	sex	sex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	couples	couple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approve** | past | officials | a bill |  | 2024 |  |  | vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bill=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **criminalis** | gerund | a bill *not said here* | intimate relations |  |  |  | between sex couples | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Mali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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