---
title: The two official languages are Maltese and English; Maltese is recog… — Malta · tree and pragmatics
description: The two official languages are Maltese and English; Maltese is recognised as the national language. Who acts: two official languages. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Malta» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Malta, sentence 3

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From Wikipedia, [«Malta»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The two official languages are Maltese and English; Maltese is recognised as the national language.

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**Who acts:** two official languages · **What happens:** be, recognise · **To what, where:** Maltese

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malta». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two official languages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Malta:3
# text = The two official languages are Maltese and English; Maltese is recognised as the national language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Maltese	maltese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	Maltese	Maltese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the two official languages |  |  |  |  | English *conj*; maltese *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **recognise** | present · passive |  | Maltese |  |  |  | as the national language | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as language=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Malta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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