---
title: Nicaraguan bus companies, often referred to as Chicken Buses, serve… — Managua · tree and pragmatics
description: Nicaraguan bus companies, often referred to as Chicken Buses, serve both urban and rural areas to remedy the lack of sufficient infrastructure that plagues these towns or villages. Who acts: Nicaraguan bus companies, sufficient infrastructure. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Managua» with its dependency 
---

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# Managua, sentence 226

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From Wikipedia, [«Managua»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managua), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Nicaraguan bus companies, often referred to as Chicken Buses, serve both urban and rural areas to remedy the lack of sufficient infrastructure that plagues these towns or villages.

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**Who acts:** Nicaraguan bus companies, sufficient infrastructure · **What happens:** refer, serve, remedy, plague, lack · **To what, where:** Nicaraguan bus companies, urban areas, lack, towns, sufficient infrastructure

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Managua». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nicaraguan bus companies, sufficient infrastructure), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Managua:226
# text = Nicaraguan bus companies, often referred to as Chicken Buses, serve both urban and rural areas to remedy the lack of sufficient infrastructure that plagues these towns or villages.
1	Nicaraguan	Nicaraguan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	referred	refer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Chicken	Chicken	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Buses	Bus	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	serve	serve	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	both	both	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	remedy	remedy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	plagues	plague	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | participle |  | Nicaraguan bus companies *not said here* |  |  |  | as Chicken Buses; often *property* | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **serve** | present | Nicaraguan bus companies | urban areas |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Attribute |
| 3 | **remedy** | to-infinitive | Nicaraguan bus companies *not said here* | the lack of sufficient infrastructure |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lack=Patient |
| 4 | **plague** | present | sufficient infrastructure | this towns or villages |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus town=Experiencer |
| 5 | **lack** |  |  | sufficient infrastructure |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Managua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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