---
title: The city has an ordinance penalizing cat-calling since 2018, and is… — Manila · tree and pragmatics
description: The city has an ordinance penalizing cat-calling since 2018, and is the second city in the Philippines to do so after Quezon City, which passed a similar ordinance in 2016. Who acts: city, ordinance, Quezon City. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Manila» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Manila, sentence 497

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From Wikipedia, [«Manila»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The city has an ordinance penalizing cat-calling since 2018, and is the second city in the Philippines to do so after Quezon City, which passed a similar ordinance in 2016.

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**Who acts:** city, ordinance, Quezon City · **What happens:** have, penalize, call, be, do, pass · **To what, where:** ordinance, second city, Philippines, similar ordinance, 2016 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Manila». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, ordinance, Quezon City), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Manila:497
# text = The city has an ordinance penalizing cat-calling since 2018, and is the second city in the Philippines to do so after Quezon City, which passed a similar ordinance in 2016.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	penalizing	penalize	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
10	since	since	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Philippines	Philippines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Ptan	17	nmod	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	after	after	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	Quezon	Quezon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	2016	2016	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the city | a ordinance |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ordinance=Patient |
| 2 | **penalize** | gerund | a ordinance *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **call** | gerund | a ordinance *not said here* |  |  |  | since 2018 | cat *compound* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the city *not said here* | the second city |  | the Philippines |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | to-infinitive | the city *not said here* |  |  |  | after Quezon City |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **pass** | past | Quezon City | a similar ordinance |  | 2016 |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ordinance=Theme in 2016=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Manila», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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