---
title: In 2014, there are an estimated four million slum dwellers living in… — Metro Manila · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2014, there are an estimated four million slum dwellers living in Metro Manila. Who acts: estimated million slum dwellers. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Metro Manila» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Metro Manila, sentence 286

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From Wikipedia, [«Metro Manila»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2014, there are an estimated four million slum dwellers living in Metro Manila.

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**Who acts:** estimated million slum dwellers · **What happens:** be, estimate, live · **To what, where:** 2014, Metro Manila

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Metro Manila». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (estimated million slum dwellers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Metro_Manila:286
# text = In 2014, there are an estimated four million slum dwellers living in Metro Manila.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2014	2014	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
8	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	_
9	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	slum	slum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	dwellers	dweller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
12	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Metro	Metro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Manila	Manila	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | a estimated million slum dwellers |  |  | 2014; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2014=Location |
| 2 | **estimate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live** | gerund | a estimated million slum dwellers *not said here* |  |  | Metro Manila |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in manila=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Metro Manila», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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