---
title: Since the beginning of the 20th century the city has sunk as much as… — Mexico City · tree and pragmatics
description: Since the beginning of the 20th century the city has sunk as much as 9 m in some areas, and it continues to sink almost 50 cm every year. Who acts: base. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Mexico City» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Mexico City, sentence 163

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From Wikipedia, [«Mexico City»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since the beginning of the 20th century the city has sunk as much as 9 m in some areas, and it continues to sink almost 50 cm every year.

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**Who acts:** base · **What happens:** sink, continue, begin · **To what, where:** city, 50 cm, 20th century

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Mexico City». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (base), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Mexico_City:163
# text = Since the beginning of the 20th century the city has sunk as much as 9 m in some areas, and it continues to sink almost 50 cm every year.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	20th	20th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	sunk	sink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	as	as	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obj	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
19	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	continues	continue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	sink	sink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
29	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	det	_	_
30	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present · perfect · passive |  | the city |  |  | since the beginning of the 20th century |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **continue** | present | base |  |  |  |  |  | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sink** | to-infinitive | base *not said here* | 50 cm |  |  | year |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cm=Patient |
| 4 | **begin** |  |  | the 20th century |  |  |  |  | nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Mexico City», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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