---
title: The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tr… — Mexico City · tree and pragmatics
description: The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. Who acts: economic reforms. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Mexico City» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Mexico City, sentence 373

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From Wikipedia, [«Mexico City»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized.

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**Who acts:** economic reforms · **What happens:** have, privatize, reform · **To what, where:** tremendous effect, city, number, Carlos

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Mexico City». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (economic reforms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Mexico_City:373
# text = The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	reforms	reform	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:desc	_	_
6	Carlos	Carlos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	Salinas	Salinas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	Gortari	Gortari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	tremendous	tremendous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	including	including	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	airlines	airline	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	privatized	privatize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the economic reforms of Carlos  President | a tremendous effect |  | the city |  | Salinas *nsubj*; a number *conj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |
| 2 | **privatize** | past · passive |  | a number *not said here* |  |  |  | of businesses and banks and airlines | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» |
| 3 | **reform** |  |  | Carlos  President |  |  |  |  | nom reform «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Mexico City», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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