--- title: Minsk — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 3 description: Wikipedia's «Minsk», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Minsk (Мінск; Минск, mʲinsk) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Nyamiha rivers. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/page/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Minsk # Minsk · page 3 From Wikipedia, [«Minsk»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/page/2/) **3** [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/page/4/) As of 2006, there are approximately 30 religious communities of various denominations in Minsk.[\[64\]](../../page/4/#ref-64 "note 64")[\[65\]](../../page/4/#ref-65 "note 65")[199](../../199/ "tree and pragmatics") The only functioning monastery in the city is [St Elisabeth Convent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Elisabeth_Convent,_Minsk); its large complex of churches is open to visitors.[200](../../200/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Crime Minsk has the highest crime rate in Belarus – 193.5 crimes per 10,000 citizens.[\[66\]](../../page/4/#ref-66 "note 66")[\[67\]](../../page/4/#ref-67 "note 67")[201](../../201/ "tree and pragmatics") 20–25% of all serious crimes in Belarus, 55% of bribes and 67% of mobile phone thefts are committed in Minsk.[\[66\]](../../page/4/#ref-66 "note 66")[\[68\]](../../page/4/#ref-68 "note 68")[202](../../202/ "tree and pragmatics") However, attorney general Grigory Vasilevich stated that the homicide rate in Minsk in 2008 was "relatively fine".[\[69\]](../../page/4/#ref-69 "note 69")[203](../../203/ "tree and pragmatics") The crime rate grew significantly in 2009 and 2010:[\[66\]](../../page/4/#ref-66 "note 66") for example, the number of corruption crimes grew by 36% in 2009 alone.[\[70\]](../../page/4/#ref-70 "note 70")[204](../../204/ "tree and pragmatics") Crime detection level varies from 13% in burglary[\[71\]](../../page/4/#ref-71 "note 71") to 92% in homicide[\[72\]](../../page/4/#ref-72 "note 72") with an average 40.1%.[\[73\]](../../page/4/#ref-73 "note 73")[205](../../205/ "tree and pragmatics") Many citizens are concerned for their safety at night and the strongest concern was expressed by residents of Chizhovka and Shabany [microdistricts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdistrict) (both in [Zavodski District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavodski_District)).[\[72\]](../../page/4/#ref-72 "note 72")[206](../../206/ "tree and pragmatics") The SIZO-1 detention center, IK-1 general prison, and the [KGB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus) special jail called "Amerikanka" are all located in Minsk.[207](../../207/ "tree and pragmatics") [Alexander Lukashenko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko)'s rivals in the [2010 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Belarusian_presidential_election) were imprisoned in the KGB jail[\[74\]](../../page/4/#ref-74 "note 74") along with other prominent politicians and civil activists.[208](../../208/ "tree and pragmatics") [Ales Michalevic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ales_Michalevic), who was kept in this jail, accused the KGB of using torture.[\[75\]](../../page/4/#ref-75 "note 75")[\[76\]](../../page/4/#ref-76 "note 76")[209](../../209/ "tree and pragmatics") On 15 November 2020, more than 1,000 protesters were arrested during an anti-government protest.[210](../../210/ "tree and pragmatics") Protesters took to the streets in the capital, Minsk, following the death of an opposition activist, [Raman Bandarenka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Raman_Bandarenka).[211](../../211/ "tree and pragmatics") The activist died after allegedly being beaten up by the security forces.[212](../../212/ "tree and pragmatics") The protesters put flowers at the site where he was detained before succumbing to his injuries.[\[77\]](../../page/4/#ref-77 "note 77")[213](../../213/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Economy See also: [Economy of Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Belarus) Minsk is the economic capital of Belarus.[214](../../214/ "tree and pragmatics") It has developed industrial and service sectors that serve the needs not only of the city but of the entire country.[215](../../215/ "tree and pragmatics") The city generates nearly 46 per cent of the Belarusian state budget.[\[78\]](../../page/4/#ref-78 "note 78")[216](../../216/ "tree and pragmatics") According to the results for 2010, Minsk contributed 15 trillion [BYR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_ruble) to the state budget, while the total income from all other regions amounted to 20 trillion BYR.[\[79\]](../../page/4/#ref-79 "note 79")[217](../../217/ "tree and pragmatics") Between January and October 2013, 70.6 per cent of the taxes paid into the Minsk budget came from non-state enterprises, 26.3 per cent from state-owned enterprises, and 1.8 per cent from individual entrepreneurs.[218](../../218/ "tree and pragmatics") The ten largest taxpayers included five oil and gas companies (among them two subsidiaries of [Gazprom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom) and one of [Lukoil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukoil)), two mobile network operators ([MTS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Belarus) and [A1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A1_Belarus)), two producers of alcoholic beverages (Minsk‑Kristall and the Minsk grape wine factory), and one tobacco manufacturer.[\[80\]](../../page/4/#ref-80 "note 80")[219](../../219/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2012, [Gross Regional Product](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_regional_domestic_product) of Minsk was formed mainly by industry (26.4%), wholesale (19.9%), transportation and communications (12.3%), retail (8.6%) and construction (5.8%).[220](../../220/ "tree and pragmatics") The GRP of Minsk measured in Belarusian rubles was 55 billion (€20 billion) or around 1/3 of the GDP of Belarus.[\[81\]](../../page/4/#ref-81 "note 81")[221](../../221/ "tree and pragmatics") Minsk city has highest salaries in Belarus.[222](../../222/ "tree and pragmatics") As of December 2023 average gross salary in Minsk was 3,240 BYN per month (~ US$1,000).[\[82\]](../../page/4/#ref-82 "note 82")[223](../../223/ "tree and pragmatics") There are more than 400 travel agencies in Minsk, about a quarter of them provide agent activity, and most of them are tour operators.[\[83\]](../../page/4/#ref-83 "note 83")[\[84\]](../../page/4/#ref-84 "note 84")[224](../../224/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Industry Minsk is the major industrial centre of Belarus.[225](../../225/ "tree and pragmatics") According to 2012 statistics, Minsk-based companies produced 21.5% of electricity, 76% of trucks, 15.9% of footwear, 89.3% of television sets, 99.3% of washing machines, 30% of chocolate, 27.7% of distilled alcoholic beverages and 19.7% of tobacco goods in Belarus.[\[85\]](../../page/4/#ref-85 "note 85")[226](../../226/ "tree and pragmatics") Today the city has over 250 factories and plants.[227](../../227/ "tree and pragmatics") Its industrial development started in the 1860s and was facilitated by the railways built in the 1870s.[228](../../228/ "tree and pragmatics") However, much of the industrial infrastructure was destroyed during World War I, especially during World War II.[229](../../229/ "tree and pragmatics") After the last war, the development of the city was linked to the development of industry, especially of [R&D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development)-intensive sectors (heavy emphasis of R&D intensive industries in [urban development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning) in the USSR is known in Western geography as 'Minsk phenomenon').[230](../../230/ "tree and pragmatics") Minsk was turned into a major production site for trucks, tractors, gears, optical equipment, refrigerators, television sets and radios, bicycles, motorcycles, watches, and metal-processing equipment.[231](../../231/ "tree and pragmatics") Outside machine-building and electronics, Minsk also had textiles, construction materials, food processing, and printing industries.[232](../../232/ "tree and pragmatics") During the Soviet period, the development of the industries was linked to suppliers and markets within the USSR.[233](../../233/ "tree and pragmatics") The break-up of the union in 1991 led to a serious economic meltdown in 1991–1994.[\[86\]](../../page/4/#ref-86 "note 86")[234](../../234/ "tree and pragmatics") However, since the adoption of the neo-Keynesean policies under [Alexander Lukashenko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko)'s government in 1995, much of the gross industrial production was regained.[\[86\]](../../page/4/#ref-86 "note 86")[235](../../235/ "tree and pragmatics") Unlike many other cities in the CIS and Eastern Europe, Minsk was not heavily de-industrialised in the 1990s.[236](../../236/ "tree and pragmatics") About 40% of the workforce is still employed in the [manufacturing sector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy).[\[86\]](../../page/4/#ref-86 "note 86")[237](../../237/ "tree and pragmatics") Major industrial employers include:[238](../../238/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Minsk Tractor Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_Tractor_Works) – specialised in manufacturing tractors.[239](../../239/ "tree and pragmatics") Established in 1946 in eastern Minsk, is among major manufacturers of wheeled tractors in the CIS.[240](../../240/ "tree and pragmatics") Employs about 30,000 staff.[\[87\]](../../page/4/#ref-87 "note 87")[241](../../241/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Minsk Automobile Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_Automobile_Plant) – specialising in producing trucks, buses, and mini-vans.[242](../../242/ "tree and pragmatics") Established in 1944 in south-eastern Minsk, is among major vehicle manufacturers in the CIS.[243](../../243/ "tree and pragmatics") - Minsk Refrigerator Plant (also known as [Atlant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlant_%28appliance_company%29)) – specialised in manufacturing household goods, such as refrigerators, freezers, and recently also of [washing machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing_machine).[244](../../244/ "tree and pragmatics") Established in 1959 in the north-west of the city.[\[88\]](../../page/4/#ref-88 "note 88")[245](../../245/ "tree and pragmatics") - Horizont – specialised in producing TV-sets, audio and video electronics.[246](../../246/ "tree and pragmatics") Established in 1950 in north-central Minsk.[247](../../247/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Unemployment In 2011 official statistics quoted unemployment in Minsk at 0.3%.[\[89\]](../../page/4/#ref-89 "note 89")[248](../../248/ "tree and pragmatics") During the 2009 census 5.6% of Minsk residents of employable age called themselves unemployed.[\[89\]](../../page/4/#ref-89 "note 89")[249](../../249/ "tree and pragmatics") The government effectively discourages official unemployment registration because of tiny unemployment benefits and obligatory public works.[250](../../250/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2015–2017 there was an attempt (cancelled in January 2018) to collect the ['free rider tax'](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree_on_the_prevention_of_social_parasitism) taken from those who were unemployed unregistered for more than 6 months.[\[90\]](../../page/4/#ref-90 "note 90")[251](../../251/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Government and administrative divisions Main article: [Administrative divisions of Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Minsk) Minsk is subdivided into nine [raions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raion) (districts):[252](../../252/ "tree and pragmatics") In addition, a number of residential neighbourhoods are recognised in Minsk, called [microdistricts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdistrict), with no separate administration.[253](../../253/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture Minsk is the major cultural centre of Belarus.[254](../../254/ "tree and pragmatics") Its first theatres and libraries were established in the middle of the 19th century.[255](../../255/ "tree and pragmatics") It presently has 11 theatres and 16 museums, along with 20 cinemas and 139 libraries.[256](../../256/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Churches - The Orthodox [Cathedral of the Holy Spirit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Spirit_Cathedral,_Minsk) is actually the former church of the [Bernardine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistercians) convent.[257](../../257/ "tree and pragmatics") It was built in the simplified [Baroque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_architecture) style in 1642–87 and went through renovations in 1741–46 and 1869.[258](../../258/ "tree and pragmatics") - The [Cathedral of Saint Mary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Saint_Virgin_Mary) was built by the [Jesuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuits) as their principal church in 1700–10, restored in 1951 and 1997; it overlooks the recently restored 18th-century city hall, located on the other side of [Plošča Svabody](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plošča_Svabody).[259](../../259/ "tree and pragmatics") - Another two historic churches are the [Church of Saint Joseph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Joseph_Church,_Minsk), formerly affiliated with the Bernardine monastery, built in 1644–52 and repaired in 1983, and the fortified church of Sts.[260](../../260/ "tree and pragmatics") Peter and Paul, originally built in the 1620s and recently restored, complete with its flanking twin towers.[261](../../261/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Church of St. Thomas Aquinas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._Thomas_Aquinas_and_the_Dominican_monastery_in_Minsk) with a [Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Belarus) monastery complex was founded in the early 17th century, destroyed in 1950.[262](../../262/ "tree and pragmatics") It was built in the Baroque style.[263](../../263/ "tree and pragmatics") - The Neo-Romanesque Roman Catholic [Red Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Saints_Simon_and_Helena) (Church of Sts.[264](../../264/ "tree and pragmatics") Simeon and Helene) was built in 1906–10 immediately after religious freedoms were proclaimed in Imperial Russia and the tsar allowed dissidents to build their churches.[265](../../265/ "tree and pragmatics") - The largest church built in the Russian imperial period of the town's history is dedicated to St. [Mary Magdalene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Magdalene).[266](../../266/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Church of St. Adalbert and Benedictine monastery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._Adalbert_and_Benedictine_monastery) was a Roman Catholic monastic complex in Minsk originally belonging to the [Benedictine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictines) order.[267](../../267/ "tree and pragmatics") Currently, the General Prosecutor's Office of Belarus is located on this site.[268](../../268/ "tree and pragmatics") - Many Orthodox churches were built after the [dissolution of the USSR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281982–1991%29) in a variety of styles, although most remain true to the [Neo-Russian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revival_architecture) idiom.[269](../../269/ "tree and pragmatics") A good example is St. Elisabeth's Convent, founded in 1999.[270](../../270/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Cemeteries - [Kalvaryja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvaryja) (Calvary Cemetery) is the oldest surviving cemetery in the city.[271](../../271/ "tree and pragmatics") Many famous Belarusians are buried here.[272](../../272/ "tree and pragmatics") The cemetery was closed to new burials in the 1960s.[273](../../273/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Military Cemetery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Cemetery_%28Minsk%29)[274](../../274/ "tree and pragmatics") - Eastern Cemetery[275](../../275/ "tree and pragmatics") - Čyžoŭskija Cemetery[276](../../276/ "tree and pragmatics") - Northern Cemetery[277](../../277/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Theatres Major theatres are:[278](../../278/ "tree and pragmatics") - [National Opera and Ballet Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Opera_and_Ballet_of_Belarus)[279](../../279/ "tree and pragmatics") - Belarusian State Musical Theatre (performances in Russian)[280](../../280/ "tree and pragmatics") - Maxim Gorky National Drama Theatre (performances in Russian)[281](../../281/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Janka Kupala National Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janka_Kupala_National_Theatre) (performances in Belarusian)[282](../../282/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Museums Major museums include:[283](../../283/ "tree and pragmatics") - [National Art Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_Art_Museum_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus)[284](../../284/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Belarusian Great Patriotic War Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Great_Patriotic_War_Museum)[285](../../285/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Belarusian National History Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_National_History_Museum)[286](../../286/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Belarusian Nature and Environment Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Nature_and_Environment_Museum)[287](../../287/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Maksim Bahdanovich Literary Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksim_Bahdanovich_Literary_Museum)[288](../../288/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Old Belarusian History Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Belarusian_History_Museum)[289](../../289/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Museum of Jewish History and Culture in Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Jewish_History_and_Culture_in_Belarus)[290](../../290/ "tree and pragmatics") - Yanka Kupala Literary Museum[291](../../291/ "tree and pragmatics") Art galleries include:[292](../../292/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ў gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ў_gallery)[293](../../293/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Recreation areas - [Chelyuskinites Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelyuskinites_Park)[294](../../294/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Children's Railroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Railroad_%28Minsk%29)[295](../../295/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Gorky Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorky_Park_%28Minsk%29), former Governor's Garden[296](../../296/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Yanka Kupala Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanka_Kupala_Park)[297](../../297/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Sports ### Football - [FC Dinamo Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Dinamo_Minsk)[298](../../298/ "tree and pragmatics") - [FC Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Minsk)[299](../../299/ "tree and pragmatics") - [FC Energetik-BGU Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Energetik-BGU_Minsk)[300](../../300/ "tree and pragmatics") - [FC Krumkachy Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Krumkachy_Minsk)[301](../../301/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Ice hockey - [HC Dinamo Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC_Dinamo_Minsk)[302](../../302/ "tree and pragmatics") - [HC Yunost Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunost_Minsk)[303](../../303/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Handball - [SKA Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKA_Minsk)[304](../../304/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Basketball - [BC Tsmoki-Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Minsk)[305](../../305/ "tree and pragmatics") ### International sporting events In 2013, Minsk hosted the European Junior Rowing Championships at the Republican Center of Olympic Training for Rowing And Canoeing to the north-west of the city.[\[91\]](../../page/4/#ref-91 "note 91")[306](../../306/ "tree and pragmatics") Minsk hosted the [2014 IIHF World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_IIHF_World_Championship) at the [Minsk Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena).[307](../../307/ "tree and pragmatics") In January 2016, the [2016 European Speed Skating Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_European_Speed_Skating_Championships) were held in the Minsk Arena – the only indoor speed skating rink in Belarus.[308](../../308/ "tree and pragmatics") Minsk hosted the [2019 European Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_European_Games) in June.[\[92\]](../../page/4/#ref-92 "note 92")[309](../../309/ "tree and pragmatics") The [2019 European Figure Skating Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_European_Figure_Skating_Championships) were held in the Minsk Arena from 21 to 27 January.[310](../../310/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transportation ### Local transport Main article: [Trolleybuses in Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Minsk), [Trams in Minsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Minsk) Minsk has a high-developed public transport system.[\[93\]](../../page/4/#ref-93 "note 93")[311](../../311/ "tree and pragmatics") Passengers are served by 8 tramway lines, over 70 [trolleybus lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Minsk), 3 subway lines and over 100 bus lines.[312](../../312/ "tree and pragmatics") Trams were the first public transport used in Minsk (since 1892 – the horse-tram, and since 1929 – the electric tram).[313](../../313/ "tree and pragmatics") Public buses have been used in Minsk since 1924, and trolleybuses since 1952.[\[94\]](../../page/4/#ref-94 "note 94")[\[95\]](../../page/4/#ref-95 "note 95")[314](../../314/ "tree and pragmatics") The majority of public transport is operated by Minsktrans, a city-owned and -funded transport [not-for-profit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organisation) company.[315](../../315/ "tree and pragmatics") As of November 2021, Minsktrans used 1,322 buses (plus 93 electric buses), 744 trolleybuses and 135 tramway cars in Minsk.[\[96\]](../../page/4/#ref-96 "note 96")[316](../../316/ "tree and pragmatics") The Minsk city government in 2003 decreed that local transport provision should be set at a minimum level of 1 vehicle (bus, trolleybus or tram) per 1,500 residents.[317](../../317/ "tree and pragmatics") The number of vehicles in use by Minsktrans is 2.2 times higher than the minimum level.[318](../../318/ "tree and pragmatics") Public transport fares are controlled by the city's executive committee (city council).[319](../../319/ "tree and pragmatics") Single trip ticket for bus, trolleybus or tramway costs 0.75 [BYN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_ruble) (≈ USD 0.3),[\[97\]](../../page/4/#ref-97 "note 97") 0.80 BYN for metro and 0.90 BYN for express buses.[\[97\]](../../page/4/#ref-97 "note 97")[320](../../320/ "tree and pragmatics") Monthly ticket for one kind of transport costs 33 BYN and 61 BYN for all five.[\[97\]](../../page/4/#ref-97 "note 97")[321](../../321/ "tree and pragmatics") Commercial [marshrutka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshrutka)'s prices varies from 1.5 to 2 BYN.[322](../../322/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Rapid transit Main article: [Minsk Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_Metro) Minsk is the only city in Belarus with an [underground metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit) system.[323](../../323/ "tree and pragmatics") Construction of the metro began in 1977, soon after the city reached over a million people, and the first line with 8 stations was opened in 1984.[324](../../324/ "tree and pragmatics") Since then it has expanded into three lines: [Maskoŭskaja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskoŭskaja_line), [Awtazavodskaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awtazavodskaya_line), and [Zelenaluzhskaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenaluzhskaya_line) which are 19.1, long with 15, 14 and 7 stations, respectively.[325](../../325/ "tree and pragmatics") On 7 November 2012, three new stations on the Moskovskaya Line were opened and another on 3 June 2014..[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics") Construction of the third line began in 2011 and the first stage opened in 2020.[327](../../327/ "tree and pragmatics") Some layout plans speculate on a possible fourth line running from Vyasnyanka to Serabranka micro-rayons.[328](../../328/ "tree and pragmatics") The system uses [Metrovagonmash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrovagonmash_81-717/81-714) and [Stadler METRO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadler_METRO) trains.[329](../../329/ "tree and pragmatics") On a typical day Minsk metro is used by 800,000 passengers.[330](../../330/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2007 ridership of Minsk metro was 262.1 million passengers,[\[98\]](../../page/4/#ref-98 "note 98") in 2017 ridership of Minsk metro was 284,1 million passengers,[\[99\]](../../page/4/#ref-99 "note 99") making it the 5th busiest metro network in the [former USSR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states) (behind [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Metro), [St. Petersburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Metro), [Kyiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv_Metro), and [Kharkiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv_Metro)).[331](../../331/ "tree and pragmatics") During peak hours trains run each 2–2.5 minutes.[332](../../332/ "tree and pragmatics") The metro network employs 3,435 staff.[\[100\]](../../page/4/#ref-100 "note 100")[333](../../333/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of the urban transport is being renovated to modern standards.[334](../../334/ "tree and pragmatics") For instance, all metro stations built since 2001 have passenger lifts from platform to street level, thus enabling the use of the newer stations by disabled passengers.[\[101\]](../../page/4/#ref-101 "note 101")[335](../../335/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Railway and intercity bus Minsk is the largest transport hub in Belarus.[336](../../336/ "tree and pragmatics") Minsk is located at the junction of the [Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw) [corpus](../../../Warsaw/ "in our corpus")-Moscow railway (built in 1871) running from the southwest to the northeast of the city and the [Liepāja–Romny railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libava–Romny_Railway) (built in 1873) running from the northwest to the south.[337](../../337/ "tree and pragmatics") The first railway connects Russia with Poland and Germany; the second connects Ukraine with Lithuania and Latvia.[338](../../338/ "tree and pragmatics") They cross at the [Minsk-Pasažyrski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_railway_station) railway station, the main railway station of Minsk.[339](../../339/ "tree and pragmatics") The station was built in 1873 as Vilenski Vazkal.[340](../../340/ "tree and pragmatics") The initial wooden building was demolished in 1890 and rebuilt in stone.[341](../../341/ "tree and pragmatics") During World War II the Minsk railway station was completely destroyed.[342](../../342/ "tree and pragmatics") It was rebuilt in 1945 and 1946 and served until 1991.[343](../../343/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/page/2/) **3** [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/page/4/) - ← previous: [page 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/page/2/) - next →: [page 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Minsk/page/4/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)