---
title: Since independence, the country has struggled with issues of nationa… — Moldova · tree and pragmatics
description: Since independence, the country has struggled with issues of national identity, geopolitical strategy, and alliances, often torn between Romania and the European Union to the west and the Russian Federation to the east. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Moldova» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Moldova, sentence 404

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From Wikipedia, [«Moldova»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since independence, the country has struggled with issues of national identity, geopolitical strategy, and alliances, often torn between Romania and the European Union to the west and the Russian Federation to the east.

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**What happens:** struggle, tear, issue · **To what, where:** country, alliances, national identity

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Moldova». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Moldova:404
# text = Since independence, the country has struggled with issues of national identity, geopolitical strategy, and alliances, often torn between Romania and the European Union to the west and the Russian Federation to the east.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	struggled	struggle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	issues	issue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	identity	identity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	strategy	strategy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	alliances	alliance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	often	often	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
22	between	between	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Romania	Romania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	European	European	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	Federation	federation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle** | present · perfect · passive |  | the country |  |  | since independence | with issues of national identity and geopolitical strategy | tree rules |
| 2 | **tear** | participle · passive |  | alliances |  |  |  | between Romania and the European Union; to the west and the Russian Federation to the east *result*; often *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to west=Result |
| 3 | **issue** |  |  | national identity and geopolitical strategy |  |  |  |  | nom issue «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Moldova», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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