---
title: In 2015, the immigrant population was estimated at 60% It is reporte… — Monaco · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2015, the immigrant population was estimated at 60% It is reported to be difficult to gain citizenship in Monaco, or at least in relative number there are not many people who do so. Who acts: many people. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Monaco» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Monaco, sentence 208

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From Wikipedia, [«Monaco»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2015, the immigrant population was estimated at 60% It is reported to be difficult to gain citizenship in Monaco, or at least in relative number there are not many people who do so.

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**Who acts:** many people · **What happens:** estimate, report, be, gain, do · **To what, where:** immigrant population, 2015, population, citizenship, many people

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Monaco». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Monaco:208
# text = In 2015, the immigrant population was estimated at 60% It is reported to be difficult to gain citizenship in Monaco, or at least in relative number there are not many people who do so.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2015	2015	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
12	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	reported	report	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
17	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	gain	gain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	_
20	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Monaco	Monaco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	31	obl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	relative	relative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	31	expl	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
32	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
33	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
35	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
36	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	_
37	so	so	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | past · passive |  | the immigrant population |  | 2015 |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value |
| 2 | **report** | present · passive |  | population |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **gain** | to-infinitive |  | citizenship or many people |  |  |  | in Monaco | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient citizenship=Extent in monaco=Attribute |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | many people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **do** | present | many people |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Monaco», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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