--- title: Mongolia — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 4 description: Wikipedia's «Mongolia», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Mongolia # Mongolia · page 4 From Wikipedia, [«Mongolia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/3/) **4** As of the 2014–2015 academic year, the most popular foreign language in specialized language courses were (ordered by popularity), English, [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language), Russian, [Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language), and [Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language).[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics") Korean in particular has gained popularity as tens of thousands of [Mongolians work in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolians_in_South_Korea),[\[138\]](../../page/4/#ref-138 "note 138") forming the [largest group of Mongolians abroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_diaspora).[327](../../327/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Religion Main article: [Religion in Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia), [Freedom of religion in Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia) Religions in Mongolia; (population aged 15 and above)[\[139\]](../../page/4/#ref-139 "note 139")[\[140\]](../../page/4/#ref-140 "note 140")[328](../../328/ "tree and pragmatics") | Religion | Population | Share | | --- | --- | --- | | **Non-religious** | 1,338,528 | 40.6% | | **Religious** | 1,958,338 | 59.4% | | [Buddhism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism) | 1,704,480 | 51.7% | | [Islam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam) | 105,500 | 3.2% | | [Shamanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism) | 82,422 | 2.5% | | [Christianity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity) | 42,859 | 1.3% | | Other religions | 23,078 | 0.7% | | **Total** | **3,296,866** | **100.0%** | According to the 2020 National Census, among Mongolians aged 15 and above, 51.7% were [Buddhists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia), while 40.6% were [non-religious](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion).[\[140\]](../../page/4/#ref-140 "note 140")[329](../../329/ "tree and pragmatics") [Mongolian shamanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism) has been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, with similar beliefs being common among the nomads of central Asia.[330](../../330/ "tree and pragmatics") This gradually gave way to [Tibetan Buddhism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism), but shamanism has left a mark on religious culture, and it continues to be practiced.[331](../../331/ "tree and pragmatics") The Kazakhs of western Mongolia, some Mongols, and other Turkic peoples in the country traditionally adhere to [Islam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Mongolia).[332](../../332/ "tree and pragmatics") Throughout much of the 20th century, the communist government repressed religious practices.[333](../../333/ "tree and pragmatics") It targeted the clergy of the Mongolian Buddhist Church, which had been tightly intertwined with the previous feudal government structures (e.g. from 1911 on, the head of the church had also been the [khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_%28title%29)).[\[141\]](../../page/4/#ref-141 "note 141")[334](../../334/ "tree and pragmatics") In the late 1930s, the regime under Choibalsan closed almost all of Mongolia's over 700 Buddhist monasteries and killed at least 30,000 people, of whom 18,000 were lamas.[\[142\]](../../page/4/#ref-142 "note 142")[335](../../335/ "tree and pragmatics") The number of Buddhist monks dropped from 100,000 in 1924 to 110 in 1990.[\[141\]](../../page/4/#ref-141 "note 141")[336](../../336/ "tree and pragmatics") The [fall of communism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989) in 1991 restored public religious practice.[337](../../337/ "tree and pragmatics") Tibetan Buddhism, which had been the predominant religion prior to the rise of communism, again rose to become the most widely practiced religion in Mongolia.[338](../../338/ "tree and pragmatics") The end of religious repression in the 1990s also allowed for other religions to spread in the country.[339](../../339/ "tree and pragmatics") According to the Christian missionary group [Barnabas Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnabas_Fund), the number of Christians grew from just four in 1989 to around 40,000 as of 2008.[340](../../340/ "tree and pragmatics") In May 2013, [The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints) held a cultural program to celebrate 20 years in Mongolia, with 10,900 members and 16 church buildings.[\[143\]](../../page/4/#ref-143 "note 143")[341](../../341/ "tree and pragmatics") There are some 1,000 Catholics, and in 2003 a missionary from the [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines) [corpus](../../../Philippines/ "in our corpus") was named Mongolia's first [Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church) bishop.[\[144\]](../../page/4/#ref-144 "note 144")[342](../../342/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2017 [Seventh-day Adventists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists) reported 2,700 members in six churches up from zero members in 1991.[\[145\]](../../page/4/#ref-145 "note 145")[343](../../343/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Education Main article: [Education in Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Mongolia) During the state socialist period, education was one of the areas of significant achievement.[344](../../344/ "tree and pragmatics") Before the People's Republic, literacy rates were below one percent.[345](../../345/ "tree and pragmatics") By 1952, illiteracy was virtually eliminated,[\[146\]](../../page/4/#ref-146 "note 146") in part through the use of seasonal boarding schools for children of nomadic families.[346](../../346/ "tree and pragmatics") Funding to these boarding schools was cut in the 1990s, contributing to slightly increased illiteracy.[347](../../347/ "tree and pragmatics") Primary and secondary education 12 years.[\[147\]](../../page/4/#ref-147 "note 147")[348](../../348/ "tree and pragmatics") English is taught in all secondary schools across Mongolia, beginning in fourth grade.[\[148\]](../../page/4/#ref-148 "note 148")[349](../../349/ "tree and pragmatics") Mongolian national universities are all spin-offs from the [National University of Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_University_of_Mongolia) and the [Mongolian University of Science and Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_University_of_Science_and_Technology).[350](../../350/ "tree and pragmatics") Almost three in five youths enroll in university.[351](../../351/ "tree and pragmatics") There was a six-fold increase in students between 1993 and 2010.[\[149\]](../../page/4/#ref-149 "note 149")[352](../../352/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture Main article: [Culture of Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia) The [Soyombo symbol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyombo_symbol) represents the sun, moon, stars, and heavens per standard cosmological symbology abstracted from that seen in traditional [thangka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thangka) paintings.[353](../../353/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Architecture Main article: [Architecture of Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Mongolia) The traditional dwelling is known as a ger.[354](../../354/ "tree and pragmatics") In the past it was known by the Turkic term [yurt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurt), but this has been changing as the Mongolian term becomes better known in English-speaking countries.[355](../../355/ "tree and pragmatics") According to Mongolian artist and art critic N.[356](../../356/ "tree and pragmatics") Chultem, the ger was the basis for development of traditional Mongolian architecture.[357](../../357/ "tree and pragmatics") In the 16th and 17th centuries, lamaseries were built throughout the country.[358](../../358/ "tree and pragmatics") Many of them started as ger-temples.[359](../../359/ "tree and pragmatics") When they needed to be enlarged to accommodate the growing number of worshippers, the Mongolian architects used structures with 6 and 12 angles with pyramidal roofs to approximate to the round shape of a ger.[360](../../360/ "tree and pragmatics") Further enlargement led to a quadratic shape of the temples.[361](../../361/ "tree and pragmatics") The roofs were made in the shape of marquées.[\[150\]](../../page/4/#ref-150 "note 150")[362](../../362/ "tree and pragmatics") The trellis walls, roof poles and layers of felt were replaced by stone, brick, beams and planks, and became permanent.[\[151\]](../../page/4/#ref-151 "note 151")[363](../../363/ "tree and pragmatics") Chultem distinguishes three styles in traditional Mongolian architecture: Mongolian, [Tibetan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_architecture) and [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_architecture) as well as combinations of the three.[364](../../364/ "tree and pragmatics") Among the first quadratic temples was Batu-Tsagaan (1654) designed by [Zanabazar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanabazar).[365](../../365/ "tree and pragmatics") An example of the ger-style architecture is the lamasery Dashi-Choiling in Ulaanbaatar.[366](../../366/ "tree and pragmatics") The temple Lavrin (18th century) in the [Erdene Zuu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdene_Zuu) lamasery was built in the Tibetan tradition.[367](../../367/ "tree and pragmatics") An example of a temple built in the Chinese tradition is the lamasery Choijing Lamiin Sume (1904), which is a museum today.[368](../../368/ "tree and pragmatics") The quadratic temple Tsogchin in lamasery Gandan in Ulaanbaatar is a combination of the Mongolian and Chinese tradition.[369](../../369/ "tree and pragmatics") The temple of [Maitreya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreya) (disassembled in 1938) is an example of the Tibeto-Mongolian architecture.[\[150\]](../../page/4/#ref-150 "note 150")[370](../../370/ "tree and pragmatics") Dashi-Choiling monastery has commenced a project to restore the temple and the 25 m sculpture of Maitreya.[371](../../371/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Visual arts Before the 20th century, most works of the fine arts had a religious function, and therefore Mongolian fine arts were heavily influenced by religious texts.[\[152\]](../../page/4/#ref-152 "note 152")[372](../../372/ "tree and pragmatics") [Thangkas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thangkas) were usually painted or made in [appliqué](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appliqué) technique.[373](../../373/ "tree and pragmatics") Bronze sculptures usually showed Buddhist deities.[374](../../374/ "tree and pragmatics") A number of great works are attributed to Zanabazar.[375](../../375/ "tree and pragmatics") In the late 19th century, painters like ["Marzan" Sharav](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzan_Sharav) turned to more realistic painting styles.[376](../../376/ "tree and pragmatics") Under the Mongolian People's Republic, [socialist realism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_realism) was the dominant painting style,[\[153\]](../../page/4/#ref-153 "note 153") however traditional thangka-like paintings dealing with secular, nationalist themes were also popular, a genre known as "[Mongol zurag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_zurag)".[377](../../377/ "tree and pragmatics") Among the first attempts to introduce [modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism) was the painting Ehiin setgel (Mother's love) created by Tsevegjav in the 1960s.[378](../../378/ "tree and pragmatics") The artist was purged as his work was censored.[379](../../379/ "tree and pragmatics") All forms of fine arts flourished only after [perestroika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perestroika) in the late 1980s.[380](../../380/ "tree and pragmatics") Otgonbayar Ershuu is arguably one of the most well-known modern artists in the Western world; he is portrayed in the film "ZURAG" by Tobias Wulff.[\[154\]](../../page/4/#ref-154 "note 154")[381](../../381/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Music The [music of Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia) is strongly influenced by nature, nomadism, [shamanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism), and Tibetan Buddhism.[382](../../382/ "tree and pragmatics") The traditional music includes a variety of instruments, famously the [morin khuur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morin_khuur), and also the singing styles like the [urtyn duu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_song) ("long song"), and throat-singing ([khoomei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_throat_singing#Khoomei)).[383](../../383/ "tree and pragmatics") The "tsam" is danced to keep away evil spirits and it was seen as reminiscent of shamanism.[384](../../384/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Media Main article: [Media of Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Mongolia) Mongolian press began in 1920 with close ties to the Soviet Union under the Mongolian People's Party, with the establishment of the [Unen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolyn_Ünen) ("Truth") newspaper similar to the Soviet [Pravda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda).[\[155\]](../../page/4/#ref-155 "note 155")[385](../../385/ "tree and pragmatics") Until reforms in the 1990s, the government had strict control of the media and oversaw all publishing, in which no independent media were allowed.[\[155\]](../../page/4/#ref-155 "note 155")[386](../../386/ "tree and pragmatics") The [dissolution of the Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union) had a significant impact on Mongolia, where the one-party state grew into a multi-party democracy, and with that, media freedoms came to the forefront.[387](../../387/ "tree and pragmatics") According to 2014 Asian Development Bank survey, 80% of Mongolians cited television as their main source of information.[\[156\]](../../page/4/#ref-156 "note 156")[388](../../388/ "tree and pragmatics") A 1999 law on press freedom, drafted with help from international NGOs, paved the way for media reforms.[\[157\]](../../page/4/#ref-157 "note 157")[389](../../389/ "tree and pragmatics") The media currently consists of around 300 print and broadcasting outlets.[\[158\]](../../page/4/#ref-158 "note 158")[390](../../390/ "tree and pragmatics") Market reforms have led to an annually increasing number of people working in the media, along with students at journalism schools.[\[159\]](../../page/4/#ref-159 "note 159")[391](../../391/ "tree and pragmatics") In its 2016 World Press Freedom Index report, [Reporters Without Borders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders) classified the media environment as 60th out of 180.[\[160\]](../../page/4/#ref-160 "note 160")[392](../../392/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Sports and festivals See also: [Mongolia at the Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_Olympics) The main national festival is [Naadam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naadam), which has been organized for centuries and takes place over three days in the summer, consisting of three sports—archery, cross-country horse-racing, and wrestling—traditionally recognized as the Three Manly Games of Naadam.[393](../../393/ "tree and pragmatics") Naadam is held from 11 to 13 July in the honor of the anniversaries of the National Democratic Revolution and foundation of the Great Mongol State.[394](../../394/ "tree and pragmatics") Another popular activity called shagaa is the "flicking" of sheep ankle bones at a target several feet away, using a flicking motion of the finger to send the small bone flying at targets and trying to knock the target bones off the platform.[395](../../395/ "tree and pragmatics") At Naadam, this contest is popular among older Mongolians.[396](../../396/ "tree and pragmatics") [Horse riding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_culture_in_Mongolia) is especially central to Mongolian culture.[397](../../397/ "tree and pragmatics") The long-distance races that are showcased during Naadam festivals are one aspect of this, as is the popularity of trick riding.[398](../../398/ "tree and pragmatics") One example of trick riding is the legend that the Mongolian military hero [Damdin Sükhbaatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damdin_Sükhbaatar) scattered coins on the ground and then picked them up while riding a horse at full gallop.[399](../../399/ "tree and pragmatics") [Mongolian wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_wrestling) is the most popular sport.[400](../../400/ "tree and pragmatics") It is the highlight of the Three Manly Games of Naadam.[401](../../401/ "tree and pragmatics") Historians claim that Mongol-style wrestling originated some 7,000 years ago.[402](../../402/ "tree and pragmatics") Hundreds of wrestlers from different cities and aimags around the country take part in the national wrestling competition.[403](../../403/ "tree and pragmatics") Other sports such as basketball, [weightlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting), [powerlifting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerlifting), association football, athletics, gymnastics, table tennis, [jujutsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jujutsu), [karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate), [aikido](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido), [kickboxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickboxing), and [mixed martial arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts) have become popular.[404](../../404/ "tree and pragmatics") [Freestyle wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling) has been practiced since 1958.[\[161\]](../../page/4/#ref-161 "note 161")[405](../../405/ "tree and pragmatics") [Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naidangiin_Tüvshinbayar) won Mongolia's first ever Olympic gold medal in the men's 100-kilogram class of judo.[\[162\]](../../page/4/#ref-162 "note 162")[406](../../406/ "tree and pragmatics") [Amateur boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_boxing) has been practiced in Mongolia since 1948.[\[163\]](../../page/4/#ref-163 "note 163")[407](../../407/ "tree and pragmatics") The Mongolian Olympic boxing national team was founded in 1960.[408](../../408/ "tree and pragmatics") [Professional boxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_boxing) began in the 1990s.[409](../../409/ "tree and pragmatics") [Mongolia national basketball team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_national_basketball_team) enjoyed some success recently, especially at the [East Asian Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_East_Asian_Games).[410](../../410/ "tree and pragmatics") Association football is also played in Mongolia.[411](../../411/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Mongolia national football team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_national_football_team) began playing national games again during the 1990s; but has not yet qualified for a major international tournament.[412](../../412/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Mongolia Premier League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Premier_League) is the top domestic competition.[413](../../413/ "tree and pragmatics") Several Mongolian women have excelled in [pistol shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_sports): [Otryadyn Gündegmaa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otryadyn_Gündegmaa) is a silver medalist of the 2008 Olympic Games, [Munkhbayar Dorjsuren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munkhbayar_Dorjsuren) is a double world champion and Olympic bronze medal winner (now representing Germany), while [Tsogbadrakhyn Mönkhzul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsogbadrakhyn_Mönkhzul) is, as of May 2007, ranked third in the world in the [25-meter pistol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25-metre_pistol) event.[\[164\]](../../page/4/#ref-164 "note 164")[414](../../414/ "tree and pragmatics") Mongolian [sumo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo) wrestler [Dolgorsürengiin Dagvadorj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolgorsürengiin_Dagvadorj) won 25 top division tournament championships, placing him fourth on the [all-time list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sumo_record_holders#Most_career_championships).[415](../../415/ "tree and pragmatics") In January 2015, [Mönkhbatyn Davaajargal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mönkhbatyn_Davaajargal) took his 33rd top division championship, giving him the most in the history of sumo.[416](../../416/ "tree and pragmatics") [Bandy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandy) is the only sport in which Mongolia has finished higher than third place at the [Asian Winter Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games), which happened in [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandy_at_the_2011_Asian_Winter_Games) when [the national team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_national_bandy_team) captured the silver medal.[417](../../417/ "tree and pragmatics") It led to being chosen as the best Mongolian sports team of 2011.[\[165\]](../../page/4/#ref-165 "note 165")[418](../../418/ "tree and pragmatics") Mongolia won the bronze medal of the B division at the [2017 Bandy World Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Bandy_World_Championship) after which the then [President of Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mongolia), [Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsakhiagiin_Elbegdorj), held a reception for the team.[\[166\]](../../page/4/#ref-166 "note 166")[419](../../419/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Ulaanbaatar Marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulaanbaatar_Marathon) is held annually.[\[167\]](../../page/4/#ref-167 "note 167")[420](../../420/ "tree and pragmatics") Traditional festivals include the [Golden Eagle Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Eagle_Festival), which draws about 400 eagle hunters on horseback, including the traveler Мөнхбаярт Батсайхан (Mönkhbayart Batsaikhan), to compete with their birds.[\[168\]](../../page/4/#ref-168 "note 168")[421](../../421/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Ice Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Festival) and the [Thousand Camel Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Camel_Festival) are amongst other traditional Mongolian festivals.[422](../../422/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2025, a Mongolian team of mixed athletes placed second in the first season of [Physical: Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical:_Asia).[\[169\]](../../page/4/#ref-169 "note 169")[423](../../423/ "tree and pragmatics") Mongolia has built a strong presence in [esports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esports); the most notable team is [The MongolZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MongolZ), which was founded in 2013.[\[170\]](../../page/4/#ref-170 "note 170")[424](../../424/ "tree and pragmatics") The organisation fields rosters in [Counter-Strike 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Strike_2), [Dota 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dota_2), [Mobile Legends: Bang Bang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Legends:_Bang_Bang), [PUBG Mobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PUBG_Mobile) and [Chess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess), and previously competed in [Valorant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valorant).[425](../../425/ "tree and pragmatics") The MongolZ's Counter Strike team has enjoyed numerous international successes, winning the [Intel Extreme Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Extreme_Masters) Season X Taipei championship in 2016[\[171\]](../../page/4/#ref-171 "note 171") and, following the team's relaunch in 2023, the [2025 Esports World Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Esports_World_Cup).[\[172\]](../../page/4/#ref-172 "note 172")[426](../../426/ "tree and pragmatics") The team also finished as runners-up at the [Blast Austin Major 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_Austin_Major_2025),[\[173\]](../../page/4/#ref-173 "note 173") becoming the first Asian team to reach a [Counter-Strike Major](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Strike_Major_Championships) Grand Final.[\[174\]](../../page/4/#ref-174 "note 174")[427](../../427/ "tree and pragmatics") In February 2025, The MongolZ's Counter Strike team was recognised by the Mongolian government as the National Team of Mongolia.[\[175\]](../../page/4/#ref-175 "note 175")[428](../../428/ "tree and pragmatics") The team also became the first Asian team to reach No. 1 in the [HLTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLTV) World Team Rankings, topping the rankings on 22 and 29 September 2025.[\[176\]](../../page/4/#ref-176 "note 176")[429](../../429/ "tree and pragmatics") The organisation's Chess team also won the 2026 [FIDE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIDE) [World Rapid and Blitz Team Chess Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Rapid_and_Blitz_Team_Chess_Championships_2026) in the U2400 category.[\[177\]](../../page/4/#ref-177 "note 177")[430](../../430/ "tree and pragmatics") ## In film See also: [List of Mongolian films](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mongolian_films) [The Eagle Huntress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eagle_Huntress) is a 2016 internationally co-produced [Kazakh-language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language) documentary feature film directed by Otto Bell that follows the story of Aisholpan Nurgaiv, a 13-year-old Kazakh girl from Mongolia, as she attempts to become the first female eagle hunter to compete in the eagle festival at [Ulgii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ölgii_%28city%29).[\[178\]](../../page/4/#ref-178 "note 178")[431](../../431/ "tree and pragmatics") In winter 2023, Australian filmmakers Ben Golotta and Morgan Wright traveled with and filmed two horse herders, Batbold, aged 18, and Tsagana, aged 22, herding around 2,000 animals across the [Tsaikhir Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsakhir), in a traditional journey to take the horses to safer grazing.[432](../../432/ "tree and pragmatics") The practice is diminishing owing to climate change and young Mongolians moving to the cities for work.[433](../../433/ "tree and pragmatics") Batbold's father, Bayankhangai, had undertaken ten such grueling trips.[434](../../434/ "tree and pragmatics") The resulting documentary film, titled [Iron Winter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Winter_%28film%29), was screened in the [Melbourne International Film Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_International_Film_Festival)[\[179\]](../../page/4/#ref-179 "note 179") and the [Adelaide Film Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_Film_Festival).[\[180\]](../../page/4/#ref-180 "note 180")[435](../../435/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [Outline of Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Mongolia) ## Further reading Terbish, Baasanjav (2025). "Humans, Dogs and Other Beings: Myths, Stories, and History in the Land of Genghis Khan". [Open Book Publishers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Book_Publishers). [*Mongolia*](https://www.britannica.com/nations/Mongolia) , Encyclopædia Britannica [*Background notes on Mongolia*](https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/eap/ci/mg/) , US Department of State [Mongolia: Growth, Democracy, and Two Wary Neighbors](http://www.nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=245) (Q&A with [Alan Wachman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_M._Wachman), May 2012) ## External links Government[436](../../436/ "tree and pragmatics") [Government of Mongolia](https://www.gov.mn) General information[437](../../437/ "tree and pragmatics") [Mongolia](https://web.archive.org/web/20260118142802/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/). *[The World Factbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook)*. [Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency) [Mongolia Travel Guide](https://www.amicusmongolia.com/mongolia-travel-guide/) at *UCB Libraries GovPubs [Mongolia profile](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15460525) from the [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) [Mongolia](https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/389335/Mongolia) at *Britannica.com Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch. [Wrestling Roots](http://wrestlingroots.org/) [Mongolia, Facts and Culture on CountryReports.org](http://www.countryreports.org/country/mongolia.htm) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/3/) **4** ## References {#references} 1\. Also spelled as "Ulan Bator" 2\. 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Кузьмин, С.Л.; \[Kuzmin, S.L.\]; Оюунчимэг, Ж.; \[Oyunchimeg, J.\]. "[Буддизм и революция в Монголии](https://www.scribd.com/doc/54133527/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B2-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8)" \[Buddhism and the revolution in Mongolia\]. 41\. "[Mongolia: The Bhudda and the Khan](http://orientmag.com/8-30.htm)". Orient Magazine. 42\. Thomas, Natalie (2018-06-04). "[Young monks lead revival of Buddhism in Mongolia after years of repression.](https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-mongolia-monks-idUKKCN1J104O)". *Reuters.*. 43\. *History of Mongolia,* 2003, Volume 5. Mongolian Institute of History 44\. Боржигон Хүсэл (18 January 2015). "[1945 ОНД БНМАУ-ААС ХЯТАД УЛСАД ҮЗҮҮЛСЭН ТУСЛАМЖ](https://www.mongoliajol.info/index.php/JIS/article/download/394/415)" \[Mongolian People's Republic supported the Chinese Anti-Japan War in 1945\]. *Mongolia Journals Online*. 45\. 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"[Iron Winter](https://www.adelaidefilmfestival.org/program/2025/iron-winter)". *[Adelaide Film Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_Film_Festival)*. 23 September 2025. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/3/) **4** - ← previous: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mongolia/page/3/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)