---
title: The referendum was boycotted by opposition parties such as the Liber… — Montenegro · tree and pragmatics
description: The referendum was boycotted by opposition parties such as the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro, the Social Democratic and Socialist Parties, as well as minority parties such as the Democratic League in Montenegro, leading to a relatively low turnout of 66%. Who acts: opposition parties. A sentence of
---

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# Montenegro, sentence 110

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From Wikipedia, [«Montenegro»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The referendum was boycotted by opposition parties such as the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro, the Social Democratic and Socialist Parties, as well as minority parties such as the Democratic League in Montenegro, leading to a relatively low turnout of 66%.

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**Who acts:** opposition parties · **What happens:** boycott, lead · **To what, where:** referendum

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Montenegro». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (opposition parties), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Montenegro:110
# text = The referendum was boycotted by opposition parties such as the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro, the Social Democratic and Socialist Parties, as well as minority parties such as the Democratic League in Montenegro, leading to a relatively low turnout of 66%.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	referendum	referendum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	boycotted	boycott	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	opposition	opposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Liberal	Liberal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Alliance	Alliance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Montenegro	Montenegro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Social	Social	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Democratic	Democratic	PROPN	NNP	_	12	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	Socialist	socialist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	27	cc	_	_
24	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	fixed	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
26	minority	minority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
28	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	32	case	_	_
29	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	fixed	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Democratic	Democratic	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	League	League	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Montenegro	Montenegro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
39	relatively	relatively	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	turnout	turnout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	66	66	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	44	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boycott** | past · passive | opposition parties such the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro and the Social Democratic and Socialist Parties | the referendum |  |  |  | minority parties such the Democratic League in Montenegro *conj* | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Location |
| 2 | **lead** | gerund | opposition parties such the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro and the Social Democratic and Socialist Parties *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a low turnout | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to turnout=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Montenegro», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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