---
title: It is bordered by Serbia to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to… — Montenegro · tree and pragmatics
description: It is bordered by Serbia to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, and Croatia to the west, and has a coastline along the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. Who acts: Serbia. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Montenegro» with its dependency tree an
---

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# Montenegro, sentence 3

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From Wikipedia, [«Montenegro»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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It is bordered by Serbia to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, and Croatia to the west, and has a coastline along the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.

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**Who acts:** Serbia · **What happens:** border, have · **To what, where:** population, coastline

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Montenegro». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Serbia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Montenegro:3
# text = It is bordered by Serbia to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, and Croatia to the west, and has a coastline along the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	bordered	border	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Serbia	Serbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	northeast	northeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Bosnia	Bosnia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Herzegovina	Herzegovina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	northwest	northwest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Kosovo	Kosovo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Albania	Albania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	southeast	southeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Croatia	Croatia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	coastline	coastline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	along	along	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	Adriatic	Adriatic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	southwest	southwest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **border** | present · passive | Serbia | population |  |  |  | to the northeast; to the northwest; to the southeast; Croatia to the west *obl* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | Serbia *not said here* | a coastline |  |  |  | along the Adriatic Sea; to the southwest | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coastline=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Montenegro», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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