---
title: Meanwhile, a 2018 study by the Instituto Cervantes found 1.7 million… — Morocco · tree and pragmatics
description: Meanwhile, a 2018 study by the Instituto Cervantes found 1.7 million Moroccans who were at least proficient in Spanish, placing Morocco as the country with the most Spanish speakers outside the Hispanophone world (unless the United States is also excluded from Spanish-speaking countries). Who acts: 
---

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# Morocco, sentence 510

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From Wikipedia, [«Morocco»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Meanwhile, a 2018 study by the Instituto Cervantes found 1.7 million Moroccans who were at least proficient in Spanish, placing Morocco as the country with the most Spanish speakers outside the Hispanophone world (unless the United States is also excluded from Spanish-speaking countries).

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**Who acts:** 2018 study, million Moroccans, Instituto Cervantes · **What happens:** find, be, place, exclude, speak, study · **To what, where:** million Moroccans, least, Morocco, United States, Spanish speaking countries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Morocco». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2018 study, million Moroccans, Instituto Cervantes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Morocco:510
# text = Meanwhile, a 2018 study by the Instituto Cervantes found 1.7 million Moroccans who were at least proficient in Spanish, placing Morocco as the country with the most Spanish speakers outside the Hispanophone world (unless the United States is also excluded from Spanish-speaking countries).
1	Meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Instituto	Instituto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Cervantes	Cervantes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	1.7	1.7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	compound	_	_
12	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	Moroccans	moroccan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	obl	_	_
18	proficient	proficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	placing	place	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	parataxis	_	_
23	Morocco	Morocco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
29	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	30	advmod	_	_
30	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
32	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	Hispanophone	Hispanophone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
36	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	unless	unless	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	_
41	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux:pass	_	_
42	also	also	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	excluded	exclude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	parataxis	_	_
44	from	from	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
45	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	48	amod	_	_
48	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | a 2018 study by the Instituto Cervantes | million Moroccans |  |  |  | meanwhile *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moroccan=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | past | million Moroccans |  |  | least |  | in Spanish; proficient *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **place** | gerund |  | Morocco |  |  |  | as the country with the Spanish speakers outside the Hispanophone world | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent morocco=Theme |
| 4 | **exclude** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | the United States |  | Spanish speaking countries |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: from country=Eventuality |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **study** |  | the Instituto Cervantes |  |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: by=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Morocco», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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