---
title: Although slavery had been legally abolished in Mozambique, at the en… — Mozambique · tree and pragmatics
description: Although slavery had been legally abolished in Mozambique, at the end of the 19th century the chartered companies enacted a forced labour policy and supplied cheap—often forced—African labour to the mines and plantations of the nearby British colonies and South Africa. Who acts: chartered companies,
---

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# Mozambique, sentence 55

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From Wikipedia, [«Mozambique»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Although slavery had been legally abolished in Mozambique, at the end of the 19th century the chartered companies enacted a forced labour policy and supplied cheap—often forced—African labour to the mines and plantations of the nearby British colonies and South Africa.

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**Who acts:** chartered companies, forced labour policy · **What happens:** abolish, charter, enact, force, supply · **To what, where:** Mozambique, forced labour policy, end, African labour

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Mozambique». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chartered companies, forced labour policy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Mozambique:55
# text = Although slavery had been legally abolished in Mozambique, at the end of the 19th century the chartered companies enacted a forced labour policy and supplied cheap—often forced—African labour to the mines and plantations of the nearby British colonies and South Africa.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	slavery	slavery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	legally	legally	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	abolished	abolish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mozambique	Mozambique	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	19th	19th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	16	amod	_	_
16	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	chartered	charter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	enacted	enact	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
23	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	policy	policy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	supplied	supply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	_
27	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	often	often	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	mines	mine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	conj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
41	nearby	nearby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
42	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abolish** | past · perfect · passive |  |  |  | Mozambique |  | although slavery; legally *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP» |
| 2 | **charter** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **enact** | past | the chartered companies | a forced labour policy |  |  | at the end of the 19th century |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent policy=Theme |
| 4 | **force** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **supply** | participle | the chartered companies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cheap *property* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **force** | participle | a forced labour policy *not said here* | African labour |  |  |  | to the mines and plantations of the nearby British colonies and South Africa; often *property* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Mozambique», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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