---
title: The city was renamed N'Djamena in 1975, reflecting its local Chadian… — N'Djamena · tree and pragmatics
description: The city was renamed N'Djamena in 1975, reflecting its local Chadian heritage. A sentence of Wikipedia's «N'Djamena» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# N'Djamena, sentence 4

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From Wikipedia, [«N'Djamena»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Djamena), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The city was renamed N'Djamena in 1975, reflecting its local Chadian heritage.

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**What happens:** rename, reflect · **To what, where:** city, 1975, local Chadian heritage

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «N'Djamena». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:N'Djamena:4
# text = The city was renamed N'Djamena in 1975, reflecting its local Chadian heritage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	renamed	rename	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	N'Djamena	N'Djamena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1975	1975	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	reflecting	reflect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	advcl	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
11	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	Chadian	chadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	heritage	heritage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rename** | past · passive |  | the city |  | 1975 |  | N'Djamena *obj* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme n'djamena=Result |
| 2 | **reflect** | gerund |  | city's local Chadian heritage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «N'Djamena», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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