---
title: This has been attributed to political dynamics, economic institution… — Namibia · tree and pragmatics
description: This has been attributed to political dynamics, economic institutions, grievances, political geography, and the effects of neighbourhoods, and is the result of a joint agreement between the government and De Beers that has led to a taxable base, strengthening state institutions. Who acts: that. A se
---

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# Namibia, sentence 290

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From Wikipedia, [«Namibia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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This has been attributed to political dynamics, economic institutions, grievances, political geography, and the effects of neighbourhoods, and is the result of a joint agreement between the government and De Beers that has led to a taxable base, strengthening state institutions.

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**Who acts:** that · **What happens:** attribute, be, lead, strengthen, effect · **To what, where:** This, result, state institutions, neighbourhoods

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Namibia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Namibia:290
# text = This has been attributed to political dynamics, economic institutions, grievances, political geography, and the effects of neighbourhoods, and is the result of a joint agreement between the government and De Beers that has led to a taxable base, strengthening state institutions.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	attributed	attribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dynamics	dynamics	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	institutions	institution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	grievances	grievance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	neighbourhoods	neighbourhood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
31	between	between	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	De	De	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	Beers	beer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
38	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	parataxis	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	taxable	taxable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
45	strengthening	strengthen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	39	advcl	_	_
46	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	institutions	institution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attribute** | present · perfect · passive |  | This |  |  |  | to political dynamics and economic institutions and grievances and political geography; the effects of neighbourhoods *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the result |  |  |  | of a joint agreement between the government and De Beers | tree rules |
| 3 | **lead** | present · perfect | that |  |  |  |  | to a taxable base | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to base=Patient |
| 4 | **strengthen** | gerund | that *not said here* | state institutions |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent institution=Patient |
| 5 | **effect** |  |  | neighbourhoods |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Namibia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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