---
title: In 1897, a rinderpest epidemic caused massive cattle die-offs of an… — Namibia · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1897, a rinderpest epidemic caused massive cattle die-offs of an estimated 95% of cattle in southern and central Namibia. Who acts: rinderpest epidemic. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Namibia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Namibia, sentence 46

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From Wikipedia, [«Namibia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1897, a rinderpest epidemic caused massive cattle die-offs of an estimated 95% of cattle in southern and central Namibia.

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**Who acts:** rinderpest epidemic · **What happens:** cause, estimate · **To what, where:** massive cattle die offs, 1897

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Namibia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rinderpest epidemic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Namibia:46
# text = In 1897, a rinderpest epidemic caused massive cattle die-offs of an estimated 95% of cattle in southern and central Namibia.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1897	1897	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rinderpest	rinderpest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	epidemic	epidemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
9	cattle	cattle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	die	die	NOUN	NN	_	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	offs	off	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
16	95	95	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	_
24	Namibia	Namibia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | a rinderpest epidemic | massive cattle die offs |  | 1897 |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition off=Patient |
| 2 | **estimate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Namibia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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